@InProceedings{NobreMalaGiar:2006:CoOcVa,
               author = "Nobre, Paulo and Malagutti, Marta and Giarolla, Emanuel",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere variability of the South American Monsoon 
                         System",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "2006",
               editor = "Vera, Carolina and Nobre, Carlos",
                pages = "587--588",
         organization = "International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and 
                         Oceanography, 8. (ICSHMO).",
            publisher = "American Meteorological Society (AMS)",
              address = "45 Beacon Hill Road, Boston, MA, USA",
             keywords = "SACZ, South America Climate Variability, Coupled ocean-atmosphere 
                         modeling.",
             abstract = "Climate variability over South America is strongly linked to SST 
                         over the tropical and South Atlantic Ocean. Two phenomena that 
                         cause large rainfall interannual variability over South America, 
                         and that have apparent links with SST anomalies over the tropical 
                         Atlantic are the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the 
                         South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ). Yet, the linkages of such 
                         convergence zones with SSTA are quite diverse, as the former seems 
                         to be strongly modulated by interhemispheric gradients of SSTA and 
                         the latter shows negative correlations with SSTA locally. Such are 
                         the conclusions of two-tiered approaches to simulate rainfall 
                         variability using AGCMs forced by prescribed SST fields globally. 
                         An alternative to the two-tier approach is the use of coupled 
                         ocean-atmosphere models (CGCM), which account for nonlinear 
                         effects of surface fluxes of momentum and heat on the 
                         determination of SST. Results of ongoing predictability 
                         experiments conducted at CPTEC using a global CGCM with eddy 
                         resolving ocean resolution over the tropical Atlantic indicates a 
                         gain of predictive skill over the area of the SACZ relative to 
                         AGCM skill measures over the same area. Yet, warm SST bias over 
                         eastern equatorial Atlantic in the CGCM forecasts remains an 
                         unsolved problem, which may be contributing to an apparent 
                         degradation of CGCM predictive skill of rainfall over northern 
                         Nordeste Brazil.",
  conference-location = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u",
      conference-year = "24-28 Apr. 2006",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
             language = "en",
         organisation = "American Meteorological Society (AMS)",
                  ibi = "cptec.inpe.br/adm_conf/2005/10.31.15.53",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/cptec.inpe.br/adm_conf/2005/10.31.15.53",
           targetfile = "587-589.pdf",
                 type = "Climate predictions",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}