@Article{PereiraSeGeArPeMo:1996:AiMeAe,
               author = "Pereira, E. B. and Setzer, Alberto Waingort and Gerab, F. and 
                         Artaxo, P. E. and Pereira, M. C. and Monroe, G.",
          affiliation = "{CPTEC-INPE Cachoeira Paulista -SP -Brazil 12630000}",
                title = "Airborne measurements of aerosols from burning biomass in Brazil 
                         related to the TRACE a experiment",
              journal = "Revista Brasileira de Geof{\'{\i}}sica",
                 year = "1996",
               volume = "101",
               number = "D 19",
                pages = "23983--23992",
                month = "oct",
             keywords = "Amazon basin, emissions, carbon, smoke, transport,sites,fires.",
             abstract = "Results are reported from an airborne campaign to investigate the 
                         impacts of burning biomass upon the loading of lower-tropospheric 
                         aerosols and its composition over the Brazilian tropics. The 
                         flights, conducted as part of the NASA/Transport and Atmospheric 
                         Chemistry Near the Equator-Atlantic (TRACE A) mission, started on 
                         September 1, 1992, when the dry (fire) season still prevailed in 
                         the central part of Brazil, and ended on September 29. Of the 
                         total number of burnings detected in Brazil by the advanced very 
                         high resolution radiometer (AVHRR)/NOAA satellite sensor, 74% were 
                         concentrated in the states of Amazonas, Maranhao, Mate Grosso, 
                         Para, Roraima, and Tocantins during this period. Aerosol particles 
                         were sampled from a twin-engine aircraft in transit and vertical 
                         profile flights were made up to 4,000 m altitude. Black carbon 
                         measurements made in real time and in areas of burning biomass 
                         peaked at similar to 2,500 m above the ground, increasing to 
                         similar to 12,000 ng/m(3). In other areas these values were lower 
                         by 1 order of magnitude. A condensation nuclei counter measuring 
                         small particles (>0.014 mu m) produced values ranging from 2,000 
                         to 16,000/cm(3) for areas with low and high burning biomass, 
                         respectively. Deposition filters in a two-stage cascade impactor, 
                         and Nuclepore filters collected aerosols for analysis of 13 
                         elements through particle-induced X ray emissions (PIXE). Primary 
                         elements associated with soil dust (Al, Si, Mn, Fe, Ni) prevailed 
                         in the aerosol coarse mode (>1 mu m) while the fine mode aerosols 
                         were enriched in S, K, Br, and Rb, which are tracers normally 
                         associated with burning of biomass. The good correlation between 
                         fire spot counts, obtained via AVHRR aboard NOAA satellites, and 
                         black carbon, counts of small particles and total aerosol mass, 
                         suggests the determining of local concentrations of fire-derived 
                         aerosol fire emissions by satellite to be a new and useful 
                         approach.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                 issn = "0102-261X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "10716.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "13 maio 2024"
}