@Article{MarengoDruyHast:1993:ObMoSt,
               author = "Marengo, Jose Antonio and Druyan, L. M. and Hastenrath, S.",
          affiliation = "{CPTEC-INPE-Cachoeira Paulista-12630-000-SP-Brasil}",
                title = "Observational and modeling studies of Amazonia interannual climate 
                         variability",
              journal = "Climatic Change",
                 year = "1993",
               volume = "23",
               number = "3",
                pages = "267--286",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "tropical atlantic, soutern oscillation, northeast Brazil, 
                         circulation, anomalies, rainfall, ocean, deforestation, impact.",
             abstract = "The interannual variability of climate in the Amazon basin is 
                         studied using precipitation and river level anomalies observed 
                         near the March/April rainy season peak for the period 1980-86, 
                         supported by satellite imagery of tropical convection. Evaluation 
                         of this data in conjunction with the corresponding circulation and 
                         sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns indicates that 
                         abundant rainy seasons in Northern Amazonia are characterized by 
                         anomalously cold surface waters in the tropical eastern Pacific, 
                         and negative/positive SST anomalies in the tropical North/South 
                         Atlantic, accelerated Northeast trades and a southward displaced 
                         Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Atlantic sector. 
                         Years with deficient rainfall show broadly opposite patterns. 
                         General circulation model (GCM) experiments using observed SSF in 
                         three case studies were aimed at testing the teleconnections 
                         between SST and Amazon climate implied by the empirical analysis. 
                         The GCM-generated surface fields resemble the corresponding 
                         observers fields most closely over the tropical Pacific and, with 
                         one exception, over the tropical Atlantic as well. The modeled 
                         precipitation features, along the Northwest coast of South 
                         America, anomalies of opposite sign to the North and South of the 
                         equator, in agreement with observations and results from a 
                         different GCM. Similarities in simulations run from different 
                         initial conditions, but using the same global SST, indicate broad 
                         consistency in response to common boundary forcing.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                 issn = "0165-0009",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "BF01091619.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "23 abr. 2024"
}