@Article{MattosMach:2011:ClLiMe,
               author = "Mattos, Enrique Vieira and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Cloud-to-ground lightning and Mesoscale Convective Systems",
              journal = "Atmospheric Research",
                 year = "2011",
               volume = "99",
               number = "3-4",
                pages = "377--390",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "previsao imediata, sistema convectivo, lightning, mesoscale 
                         convective system, cloud microphysics, nowcasting. LOW-LEVEL JET, 
                         SATELLITE INFRARED IMAGERY, SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH-AMERICA, 
                         UNITED-STATES, ICE-SCATTERING, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, CHARGE 
                         SEPARATION, WEATHER SYSTEMS, STORM STRUCTURE, MONSOON REGION.",
             abstract = "This work analyzes some physical and microphysical properties of 
                         Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) and cloud-to-ground lightning. 
                         Satellite data from the GOES-10 infrared and NOAA-18 and TRMM 
                         microwave channels and lightning information from the Brazilian 
                         lightning detection network (BrasilDAT) were utilized for the 
                         period from 2007 to 2009. Based on an automatic MCSs 
                         detectionmethod, 720MCSs life cycles were identified during the 
                         period and in the region of study, with a lightning detection 
                         efficiency of over 90%. During the diurnal cycle, maximum 
                         electrical activity occurred close to the time ofmaximum 
                         convective cloud fraction (18 UTC), and 3 h after the maximum 
                         normalized area expansion rate. Diurnal cycles of both properties 
                         were modulated by diurnal heating, and thus could be used to 
                         monitor diurnal variability of lightning occurrence. The 
                         electrical activity was more intense for the widest (Pearsons 
                         correlation of 0.96) and deeper (Pearsons correlation of 0.84) 
                         clouds, which reached 390 kmsize and 17 kmmaximumcloud top height. 
                         Area growth during the initial phase of MCSs exerted a strong 
                         influence on their size and duration, and thus also showed a 
                         potential for defining the possibility of electrical activity 
                         during their life cycle. The average lightning life cycle 
                         exhibited a maximumclose toMCSs maturation, while themaximum 
                         average lightning density occurred in the MCSs initial life cycle 
                         stage. The growth rate of electrical activity during the early 
                         stages can indicate the strength of convection and the possible 
                         duration of systems with lightning occurrence. Strong condensation 
                         processes and mass flux during the growth phase of the systems can 
                         provide favorable conditions for cloud electrification and 
                         lightning occurrence. A comparison of high microwave frequencies 
                         with lightning data showed a strong relationship of vertically 
                         integrated ice content and particle size with lightning 
                         occurrence, with Pearson's correlation of 0.86 and 0.96, 
                         respectively. The polarization difference in the 85 GHz channel 
                         showed that electrical activity increases linearlywith 
                         polarization reduction, associated with a high value of Pearson's 
                         correlation coefficient (above 0.90). This suggests that regions 
                         with more intense electrical activity are predominantly located in 
                         areas with a high concentration of larger ice particles that are 
                         vertically oriented, due to the existence of intense updrafts and 
                         the electric field. These results demonstrate the potential use of 
                         thermodynamic, dynamic and microphysical characteristics for 
                         analyzing thunderstorms severity, and as additional information 
                         for nowcasting and monitoring electrical activity over large 
                         regions that lack ground-based lightning sensors.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.007",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.007",
                 issn = "0169-8095",
                label = "lattes: 5379515759830546 2 MattosMach:2011:ClLiMe",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Mattos_Cloud.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}