@Article{MarengoTomSoaAlvNob:2012:ClHyCo,
               author = "Marengo, Jose Antonio and Tomasella, Javier and Soares, Wagner R. 
                         and Alves, Lincoln Muniz and Nobre, Carlos A.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Extreme climatic events in the Amazon basin: climatological and 
                         hydrological context of recent floods",
              journal = "Theoretical and Applied Climatology",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "107",
               number = "1-2",
                pages = "1--13",
             keywords = "Amazon basin, climate, hydrology, floods.",
             abstract = "During 2009 the Amazon basin was hit by a heavy flooding with a 
                         magnitude and duration few times observed in several decades. 
                         Torrential rain in northern and eastern Amazonia during the 
                         austral summer of 20082009 swelled the Amazon River and its 
                         tributaries. By July 2009, water levels of the Rio Negro, a major 
                         Amazon tributary, reached at Manaus harbor a new record, the 
                         highest mark of the last 107 years. During the 20082009 
                         hydrological year, the rainy season on northern and northwestern 
                         Amazonia started prematurely, and was followed by a 
                         longer-than-normal rainy season. An anomalously southward 
                         migration of the ITCZ during MayJune 2009, due to the warmer than 
                         normal surface waters in the tropical South Atlantic, was 
                         responsible for abundant rainfall in large regions of eastern 
                         Amazonia and Northeast Brazil from May to July 2009. We also 
                         compared the flood of 2009 with other major events recorded in 
                         1989 and 1999. The hydrological consequences of this pattern were 
                         earlier than normal floods in Amazon northern tributaries, which 
                         peak discharges at their confluences with the main stem almost 
                         coincided with the peaks of southern tributaries. Since the time 
                         displacement of the contribution to the main stem of northern and 
                         southern Amazon tributaries is fundamental for damping flood waves 
                         in the main stem, the simultaneous combinations of peak discharges 
                         of tributaries resulted in an extreme flood.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s00704-011-0465-1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0465-1",
                 issn = "0177-798X",
                label = "lattes: 5719239270509869 1 OrsiniTomSoaAlvNob:2011:ClAnCo",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Orsini-TheorApplClim-fulltext[1].pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}