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@Article{RudorffMelMacBarNov:2011:SeSpVa,
               author = "Rudorff, Conrado de Moraes and Melack, John M. and MacIntyre, 
                         Sally and Barbosa, Claudio Clemente Faria and Novo, Evlyn 
                         M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de Moraes",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Bren School 
                         of Environmental Science and Management, University of California 
                         and Marine Science Institute, University of California and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Seasonal and spatial variability of CO2 emission from a large 
                         floodplain lake in the lower Amazon",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research",
                 year = "2011",
               volume = "116",
               number = "G04007",
                pages = "1--12",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "carbon-dioxide, methane, river, exchange, waters, budget, Brazil, 
                         layer.",
             abstract = "he inundation status of the Amazon floodplain affects biogenic gas 
                         production and evasion. We analyzed spatial variability of 
                         dissolved CO(2) concentration and gas evasion in a large 
                         floodplain lake in the lower reach of the Amazon River in four 
                         hydrological phases. We calculated surficial CO(2) concentrations 
                         from measurements of pH, dissolved inorganic carbon, temperature, 
                         and conductivity and used meteorological data to calculate gas 
                         transfer coefficients to estimate CO(2) evasion. Gas transfer 
                         coefficients that take into account both wind and heating and 
                         cooling at the lake's surface are on the order of 10 cm hr(-1), 
                         approximately four times higher than values previously used in 
                         regional estimates of gas evasion from lakes on the Amazon 
                         floodplain. Supersaturation of CO(2) occurred throughout the lake 
                         and was higher in the littoral zone and in regions receiving 
                         Amazon River inflows. CO(2) concentration was reduced in regions 
                         with phytoplankton blooms. The range of CO(2) concentrations was 
                         least at low water, 47 mu M to 233 mu M, and largest at high 
                         water, 1 mu M to 656 mu M; the average annual value was 125 mu M. 
                         We estimate mean (+/- standard deviation) fluxes from open-water 
                         in L. Curuai to the atmosphere of 44 +/- 15, 348 +/- 13, 371 +/- 
                         23, and 364 +/- 20 mmol CO(2) m(-2) d(-1) during receding, low, 
                         rising, and high water, respectively. The error associated with 
                         these values reflects, for each hydrological phase, the spatial 
                         variation in CO(2) concentration in L. Curuai, a likely range in 
                         atmospheric CO(2) levels and temporal variations in gas transfer 
                         coefficient within 10-day periods.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2011JG001699",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011JG001699",
                 issn = "0148-0227 and 2156-2202",
                label = "lattes: 9857505876280820 5 RudorffMelMacBarNov:2011:SeSpVa",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "jgrg836.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 mar. 2024"
}


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