@Article{RosárioLonFreYamFon:2012:AeOpDe,
               author = "Ros{\'a}rio, N. E. and Longo, K. M. and Freitas, Saulo Ribeiro de 
                         and Yamasoe, M. A. and Fonseca, Rafael Mello da",
          affiliation = "Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of S{\~a}o Paulo, 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo, S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Modeling South America regional smoke plume: aerosol optical depth 
                         variability and shortwave surface forcing",
              journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "12",
                pages = "17465--17501",
             abstract = "Intra-seasonal variability of smoke aerosol optical depth (AOD) 
                         and downwelling solar irradiance at the surface during the 2002 
                         biomass burning season in South America was modeled using the 
                         Coupled Chemistry-Aerosol-Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian 
                         developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System 
                         (CCATT-BRAMS). Measurements of AOD from the AErosol RObotic 
                         NETwork (AERONET) and solar irradiance at the surface from the 
                         Solar Radiation Network (SolRad-NET) were used to evaluate model 
                         results. In general, the major features associated with AOD 
                         evolution over the southern part of the Amazon Basin and cerrado 
                         ecosystem are captured by the model. The main discrepancies were 
                         found for high aerosol loading events. In the northeastern portion 
                         of the Amazon Basin the model systematically underestimated AOD. 
                         This is likely due to the cloudy nature of the region, preventing 
                         accurate detection of the fire spots used in the emission model. 
                         Moreover, measured AOD were very often close to background 
                         conditions and emissions other than smoke were not considered in 
                         the simulation. Therefore, under the background scenario, one 
                         would expect the model to underestimate AOD. The issue of high 
                         aerosol loading events in the southern part of the Amazon and 
                         cerrado is also discussed in the context of emission shortcomings. 
                         The Cuiab{\'a} cerrado site was the only one where the highest 
                         quality AERONET data were unavailable. Thus, lower quality data 
                         were used. Root-mean-square-error (RMSE) between the model and 
                         observations decreased from 0.48 to 0.17 when extreme AOD events 
                         (AOD550 nm \≥ 1.0) and Cuiab{\'a} were excluded from 
                         analysis. Downward surface solar irradiance comparisons also 
                         followed similar trends when extremes AOD were excluded. This 
                         highlights the need to improve the modelling of the regional smoke 
                         plume in order to enhance the accuracy of the radiative energy 
                         budget. Aerosol optical model based on the mean intensive 
                         properties of smoke from the southern part of the Amazon Basin 
                         produced a radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) of \−158 W 
                         m\−2/AOD550 nm at noon. This value is in between 
                         \−154 W m\−2/AOD550 nm and \−187 W 
                         m\−2/AOD550 nm, the range obtained when spatial varying 
                         optical models were considered. The average 24 h surface forcing 
                         over the biomass burning season varied from \−55 W 
                         m\−2 close to smoke sources in the southern part of the 
                         Amazon Basin and cerrado to \−10 W m\−2 in remote 
                         regions of the Southeast Brazilian coast.",
                  doi = "10.5194/acpd-12-17465-2012",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-17465-2012",
                 issn = "1680-7375",
                label = "lattes: 9873289111461387 3 Ros{\'a}rioLonFreYamFon:2012:AeOpDe",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "acpd-12-17465-2012.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 abr. 2024"
}