@MastersThesis{Menezes:2001:RePrFí,
author = "Menezes, Viviane Vasconcellos de",
title = "Rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre processos f{\'{\i}}sicos e a cor do
oceano Atl{\^a}ntico tropical",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2001",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "1999-09-21",
keywords = "oceanografia, cor do oceano, imageador da cor da zona costeira
(CZCS), din{\^a}mica equatorial, ressurg{\^e}ncia, pigmentos,
ocean collor scanner, Coastal Zone Color Scanner, pigments.",
abstract = "Neste trabalho, quest{\~o}es relativas ao problema de se estimar
a biomassa e a produtividade prim{\'a}ria a partir da cor do
oceano no Atl{\^a}ntico Tropical s{\~a}o abordadas atrav{\'e}s
da descri{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos processos f{\'{\i}}sicos
respons{\'a}veis pelas flora{\c{c}}{\~o}es do
fitopl{\^a}ncton. Apesar da import{\^a}ncia da produtividade
prim{\'a}ria do Atl{\^a}ntico Tropical, os processos que a
controlam n{\~a}o s{\~a}o bem conhecidos. Assim, este trabalho
primeiro rev{\^e} os fundamentos que possibilitam o sensoriamento
remoto da cor do oceano e sua rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o com a
concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de pigmentos fotossint{\'e}ticos e a
produtividade prim{\'a}ria. Em seguida, a
distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espa{\c{c}}o-temporal destes pigmentos
atrav{\'e}s de imagens da cor do oceano; o papel das
for{\c{c}}antes f{\'{\i}}sicas locais ligadas ao aporte de
nutrientes na camada f{\'o}tica do mar e os processos
f{\'{\i}}sicos locais for{\c{c}}ados pelo cisalhamento de
vento, como o chamado {"}bombeamento de Ekman{"}, s{\~a}o
estimados e descritos para o Atl{\^a}ntico Tropical. Para tanto,
combinaram-se imagens do sensor Coastal Zone Color Scanner
(CZCS)-n{\'{\i}}vel 3, dados de temperatura da
superf{\'{\i}}cie do mar das bases de dados Global Ocean Surface
Temperature Atlas (GOSTA)e Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set
(COADS)e de ventos de superf{\'{\i}}cie das bases de dados do
European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)e COADS,
para a determina{\c{c}}{\~a}o do ciclo sazonal m{\'e}dio destas
vari{\'a}veis no per{\'{\i}}odo 1978 e 1986. Devido as
diferen{\c{c}}as entre as bases de dados, os procedimentos
empregados consistiram basicamente em mapear os dados para uma
grade padr{\~a}o de resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o de um grau. Apesar das
limita{\c{c}}{\~o}es impostas pelas imagens CZCS, principalmente
a aus{\^e}ncia de dados que fez com que a an{\'a}lise de
correla{\c{c}}{\~a}o com as vari{\'a}veis f{\'{\i}}sicas
fosse restrita ao bi{\^e}nio 1978-1980, foi poss{\'{\i}}vel
observar que o Atl{\^a}ntico exibe tr{\^e}s regi{\~o}es com
alta concentra{\c{c}}{\~a}o de pigmentos que t{\^e}m como
caracter{\'{\i}}stica marcante forte sazonalidade. Destas
tr{\^e}s regi{\~o}es, a que apresenta maior extens{\~a}o {\'e}
a que ocorre no Atl{\^a}ntico Tropical Leste e a discuss{\~a}o
sobre os fatores que controlam a produtividade foi restrita a esta
regi{\~a}o. P{\^o}de-se observar que as for{\c{c}}antes
f{\'{\i}}sicas locais n{\~a}o s{\~a}o suficientes para
explicar a indu{\c{c}}{\~a}o e a manuten{\c{c}}{\~a}o das
altas concentra{\c{c}}{\~o}es observadas nas imagens, o que
remete a import{\^a}ncia das for{\c{c}}antes remotas nesta
regi{\~a}o, cujos centros de a{\c{c}}{\~a}o s{\~a}o
determinados. Apesar de fugir do escopo deste trabalho, uma
revis{\~a}o dos mais recentes resultados da literatura a este
respeito {\'e} apresentada, bem como sugeridas novas metas de
pesquisa. ABSTRACT: In the present work questions relative to the
problem of estimation of the biomass and marine primary production
in the Tropical Atlantic are discussed in the light of the
description of the physical processes responsible for observed
phytoplankton blooms. In spite of the importance of the Tropical
Atlantic primary productivity, not only due to impacts on the
biogeochemical cycles but also due to its importance in sustaining
rich fishery areas, the process which control primary production
are still not well known. Hence, this work first reviews the known
basic processes controlling primary production according to
published literature, as well as the estimation methods based on
bio-optical algorithms, which makes possible the remote sensing of
ocean color and its relation to phytoplankton pigment
concentration. Next, a study of the space-time distribution of
this concentration based on available satellite imagery; a
description of the role of the local physical forcing agents
related to productivity and upwelling of cold water, that induce
the upwelling of nutrients to the photic zone; certain local
processes induced by the wind stress, as Ekman Pumping, are
calculated and described for the area. To this end, monthly images
obtained from the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS)level 3, sea
surface temperature based on the Global Ocean Surface Temperature
Atlas (GOSTA)and Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set
(COADS)data sets, surface winds and wind stress fields based on
European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)and
COADS data sets, are studied to determine the seasonal cycle
between 1979 and 1986, the lifetime of the CZCS sensor. Due to
differences on the data sets, the procedures used for the analysis
were done to map the data into a standard 1 degree grid.
Correlations between the variables were made in the 1978-1980
period, due to limitations in the CZCS data set. However, it was
possible to reproduce results described in the recent literature,
and it was possible to show that the Tropical Atlantic exhibits
three blooms that are dominated by the seasonal cycle. The most
extensive bloom that is occurring in the eastern Atlantic, which
made us decide to do the analysis of the forcing factors to this
region. It was concluded that local forcing is not sufficient to
explain the maintenance of the blooms observed in the images.
Examination of the non-local forcing effects, with their centers
of action being determined, is beyond the scope of this study, but
a discussion on it is included for completeness, based on recent
literature, as well as suggestions for future research.",
committee = "Vianna, M{\'a}rcio Luiz (presidente/orientador) and Braga,
Cl{\'a}udia Zuccari Fernandes and Lorenzzetti, Jo{\~a}o Antonio
and Ciotti, Aurea Maria",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Physical process and ocean color in the Tropical Atlantic",
label = "1325",
language = "pt",
pages = "177",
ibi = "6qtX3pFwXQZ4PKzA/r3x9F",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/6qtX3pFwXQZ4PKzA/r3x9F",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}