@Article{FortiMelfAstoFost:2000:RaChCo,
               author = "Forti, Maria Cristina and Melfi, Adolpjo J. and Astolfo, Rosana 
                         and Fostier, Anne-H{\'e}l{\`e}ne",
                title = "Rainfall chemistry composition in two ecosystems in the 
                         northeastern Brazilian Amazon (Amapa State)",
              journal = "Revista Brasileira de Geof{\'{\i}}sica",
                 year = "2000",
               volume = "105",
               number = "D 23",
                pages = "28895--28905",
                month = "dez.",
             keywords = "CI{\^E}NCIAS METEOROL{\'O}GICAS, precipitation chemestry, 
                         throughall chemistry, trace elements, forest, deposition, 
                         rainwater, basin, aerosols, solutes, season.",
             abstract = "The rainfall chemical composition in two Amazonian ecosystems, a 
                         {"}terra firme{"} forest (dense tropical rain forest)and the 
                         {"}cerrado{"} (savanna)are presented. Both areas are located in 
                         the northeast Brazilian Amazon (Amapa State). This study evaluated 
                         the statistical differences in the rainfall chemistry, as well as 
                         the deposition through rainfall, for each ecosystem. The chemical 
                         species evaluated in the rainwater were Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, 
                         Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ for both Ecosystems. 
                         Factor analysis for the terra fume ecosystem indicated that there 
                         is a significant difference between the dry and wet periods in the 
                         rainfall chemical Composition, indicating a biomass-burning 
                         signature (K+ in association with Zn2+. High deposition of 
                         solutes, except for Mn2+ and Cl+, was also observed during the dry 
                         period. Comparison between the terra fume and cerrado rainfall 
                         chemistry showed statistical differences in concentration for the 
                         marine species (Nac and CU and for the soil dust species (Al3+, 
                         Fe3+, and Mn2+. The sea-salt and biogenic sources of chemical 
                         species in terra fume forest rainwater are equally important. The 
                         site nearer to the sea (cerrado)has rainfall chemistry dominated 
                         by species having marine origins. The terra firme forest also has 
                         rainfall chemistry dominated by marine origin species, although 
                         the biogenic and soil dust origin species are highly significant 
                         at this site. Also in the terra firme a biomass-burning signature 
                         was observed. The amount of sea salt deposited was more than 50 
                         percent larger in the cerrado owing to its proximity to the 
                         shore.",
                 issn = "0102-261X",
                label = "10205",
           targetfile = "2000_forti.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "12 maio 2024"
}