@InProceedings{CarraraForeSant:1992:AnVeIn,
               author = "Carrara, Ana Lucia Ramos and Foresti, Celina and Santos, Joao 
                         Roberto dos",
                title = "Analysis of vegetation indices in urban areas from Landsat-TM and 
                         HRV-SPOT orbital data",
                 year = "1992",
                pages = "949--956",
         organization = "International Congress for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 
                         17.",
             keywords = "VEGETACAO, PLANEJAMENTO URBANO.",
             abstract = "The spatial organization of the brazilian cities in several areas 
                         of the country reflects the impact of the accelerations and 
                         disorganized urbanization that has occurred during the last years. 
                         This urbanization without and adequate planning has caused a 
                         process of degradation of the natural urban environment. An 
                         imbalance between built up areas and green areas has occurred 
                         where the presence of the vegetation element has grown less. A 
                         quantitative and qualitative survey of urban green areas 
                         establishes basic information to elaborate adequate planning in 
                         order to improve the quality of the urban environment. Through the 
                         transformation of orbital data into numerical models, called 
                         Vegetation Indices (VI), it is possible to obtain a qualitative 
                         and quantitative indicator of the vegetation cover relative to 
                         built up areas. The main objective of this study is to analyse the 
                         Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)in the urban 
                         environment obtained from orbital data. The study area is located 
                         in the city of Taubate in Sao Paulo state. The NDVI is calculated 
                         from orbital data from TM-Landsat (TM3,TM4,TM5)and HRV-SPOT 
                         (XS2,XS3)corresponding to spectral bands in the red, near-infrared 
                         and middle-infrared ranges. The data was taken on 8 August, 1988 
                         and 19 July, 1988, respectively. It is calculated by the formulae: 
                         VI= gain x NIR-R/NIR+R + offset and VI= gain x MIR-R/MIR+R + 
                         offset. The influence of spectral and spatial characteristics from 
                         TM-Landsat and HRV-SPOT data was taken into account in analyzing 
                         the performence of classification for the VI calculated from those 
                         sensor systems. Ground information and the percent vegetation 
                         cover were determined from panchromatic aerial photographs (in 
                         scale 1:10 000)and planimetric maps (in scales of 1:25 000 and 
                         1:50 000). The different classes of urban land use were 
                         discriminated and classifield on the basis of VI. In the results, 
                         it was found that the NDVI calculated by TM-Landsat and HRV-SPOT 
                         data allowed a distinct classification associating urban land use 
                         and vegetal cover to be obtained. It is concluded that VI is a 
                         good estimator to compare green areas with build up areas and it 
                         permits a global view of the spatial distribution and density of 
                         vegetal cover.",
  conference-location = "Washington, USA",
      conference-year = "1-14 Aug. 1992",
                label = "6547",
         organisation = "ISPRS",
           targetfile = "1992_carrara.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}