@Article{RodriguesCava:2006:SiHyCy,
               author = "Rodrigues, Daniel Andr{\'e}s and Cavalcanti, Iracema Fonseca de 
                         albuquerque",
          affiliation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Previs{\~a}o 
                         do Tempo e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (INPE.CPTEC) and Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Previs{\~a}o do Tempo 
                         e Estudos Clim{\'a}ticos (INPE.CPTEC)",
                title = "Simulations of the hydrological cycle over South America using the 
                         CPTEC/COLA AGCM",
              journal = "Journal of Hydrometeorology",
                 year = "2006",
               volume = "7",
               number = "5",
                pages = "916--936",
                month = "Oct.",
             keywords = "METEOROLOGY, Simulation, Hydrological cycle, South America, 
                         Mesoscale convective complexes, General circulation models, Water 
                         vapor transoport, Space time climate, La Plata Basin, Tropospheric 
                         circulation, Gauge observations, Biosphere model, Surface energy, 
                         Precipitation, METEOROLOGIA, Simula{\c{c}}{\~a}o, Ciclo 
                         hidrol{\'o}gico, Am{\'e}rica do Sul, Complexos convectivos da 
                         mesosescala, Modelos de circula{\c{c}}{\~a}o geral, Tranporte 
                         vapor de {\'a}gua, Clima espa{\c{c}}o temporal, Bacia La Plata, 
                         Circula{\c{c}}{\~a}o troposf{\'e}rica, Modelo biosfera, Energia 
                         da superf{\'{\i}}cie, Precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o.",
             abstract = "The La Plata River basin is the second largest basin of South 
                         America after the Amazon basin, and it is located in an 
                         international area that occupies territories of Argentina, 
                         Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia, areas of great economic 
                         activity. In the present work, the water budget over the region 
                         was studied and the atmospheric and terrestrial components were 
                         analyzed to investigate the Center for Weather Forecast and 
                         Climate Studies/Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies 
                         (CPTEC/COLA) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) behavior 
                         in a simulation of 10 yr. The analysis was performed considering 
                         two sectors, northern and southern, because of their different 
                         behaviors, and the main characteristics were simulated by the 
                         model. The northern sector presents a well-defined annual cycle 
                         with well-established wet conditions in the summer, when there is 
                         development of the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ). In the 
                         southern sector, there is a weak annual cycle and the hydrological 
                         variables do not have large seasonal variations as in the northern 
                         sector. A period of maximum precipitation is identified at the end 
                         of spring in the southern sector. Moisture flux convergence (MFC) 
                         in the model occurs over southeast Brazil during summer and over 
                         northern Argentina in the spring, consistent with observations. 
                         Analysis of the meridional and zonal moisture fluxes reveals that 
                         there is an intrusion of moisture from the tropical region, 
                         southward, and also flux from the Atlantic Ocean, that feed both 
                         sectors. The flux from the Amazon region was the main source of 
                         external moisture during the summer season, while the flux from 
                         the Atlantic Ocean was dominant during winter. Additional analysis 
                         of El Nino 1982/83 and La Nina 1988/89 episodes showed the 
                         importance of Amazon and Atlantic moisture fluxes to the La Plata 
                         basin region. During El Nino 1982/83 there was more moisture flux 
                         from the Amazon region to the southern sector than during La Nina 
                         1988/89. This feature was related to droughts during La Nina and 
                         floods during El Nino in the La Plata region.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                 issn = "1525-755X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Rodrigues_Simulations.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}