@Article{NishinoMaYuMiScAb:2006:EnPaPr,
               author = "Nishino, Masanori and Makita, Kazuo and Yumoto, Kiyofumi and 
                         Miyoshi, Yoshizumi and Schuh, Nelson J. and Abdu, Mangalathayil 
                         A.",
          affiliation = "{Nagoya University} and {Takushoku University} and {Kyushu 
                         University} and {Nagoya University} and Soutrher Space REsearch 
                         Center, Rio Grande do Sul (INPE) and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Energetic particle precipitation in The Brazilian geomagnetic 
                         anomaly during the {"}Bastille Day Storm{"} of July 2000",
              journal = "Earth, Planets and Space",
                 year = "2006",
               volume = "58",
               number = "5",
                pages = "607--616",
                month = "May",
             keywords = "Bastille Day Storm, Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly, energetic 
                         particle precipitation, imaging riometer.",
             abstract = "Ionospheric absorption associated with a great geomagnetic storm 
                         on July 15-16, 2000 (the {"}Bastille Day storm{"}) was observed in 
                         the Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly using a two-dimensional 4×4 
                         imaging riometer (IRIS). In the afternoon of July 15, weak 
                         absorption (~0.2 dB) was observed during the initial phase of the 
                         storm; large spatial-scale absorption exceeded the IRIS field of 
                         view (330×330 km). During the sharp magnetic decrease in the main 
                         phase of the storm, absorption was intensified (<0.5 dB) in the 
                         evening, showing a sheet structure with ~150 km latitudinal width 
                         and >330 km longitudinal elongation. Subsequently, absorption was 
                         intensified (~1 dB), having a small spatial-scale (~150 km) in the 
                         background sheet structure and a pronounced westward drift (~570 m 
                         s-1). In association with large magnetic fluctuations in the Bz 
                         component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), the ground 
                         magnetic variation in the night sector showed large positive 
                         swings during the initial to main phases of the storm. With the 
                         subsequent southward turning of the IMF Bz, the ground magnetic 
                         variation in the evening sector showed rapid storm development. 
                         Particle fluxes measured by a geosynchronous satellite (L = ~6.6) 
                         demonstrated large enhancements of low-energy protons (50-400 keV) 
                         and probably electrons (50-225 keV) during the storm's initial 
                         phase. Particle fluxes from the low-altitude NOAA satellite (~870 
                         km) indicated the invasion of low-energy particles into the region 
                         of L < 2 during the main phase of the storm. These results 
                         indicate that low-energy particles injected into the outer 
                         radiation belt in association with frequent and strong substorm 
                         occurrences, were transported into the inner radiation belt 
                         through direct convective access by the storm-induced electric 
                         fields during the storm's development. These particles then 
                         precipitated into the ionosphere over the Brazilian geomagnetic 
                         anomaly. Notably, the most intense absorption could be dominantly 
                         caused by proton precipitation with energies of ~40 keV. Key 
                         words: Bastille Day storm, Brazilian geomagnetic anomaly, 
                         energetic particle precipitation, imaging riometer.",
                 issn = "1808-0804",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "nishino_energetic.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "03 maio 2024"
}