@ElectronicSource{AlvaláGRFLMRDCW::InSeVa,
             abstract = "Soil temperatures depend on the soil heat flux, an important 
                         parameter in meteorological and in plant growth-energy balance 
                         models. Thus, they were measured, together with soil moisture 
                         contents, within the LBA program at forest (Reserva Jaru) and 
                         pasture (Fazenda Nossa Senhora) sites in Rond{\^o}nia, Brazilian 
                         Amazonia, during wet (February) and dry (August) periods of 1999. 
                         The wet period showed maxima of the heat flux into the soil around 
                         five to six times smaller at the forest than at the pasture, 
                         except for some spikes which are related to stronger solar 
                         forcing, such as those due to sunspecks in the forest. This 
                         pattern remained during the dry period, but with doubled maximum 
                         values. Also, the soil heat flux and the soil temperatures 
                         responded very significantly to the passage of cold fronts in both 
                         periods at both sites. Temperature profiles measured in the 10 to 
                         40 cm soil layer showed daily averages and ranges smaller at the 
                         forest than at the pasture. The daily average of the soil moisture 
                         content in the same layer, during the wet season, increased with 
                         depth at both sites, with consistently lower values at the forest; 
                         however, their ranges were smaller at the pasture, except for the 
                         40 cm depth. During the dry period, these ranges were much higher 
                         at the pasture, but with nearer average values. Finally, the 
                         computed daily apparent soil thermal diffusivities, volumetric 
                         heat contents and thermal conductivities are presented, with the 
                         first ones crossed with the measured soil moisture content.",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and CNPMA-EMBRAPA, Brazil and Universidade 
                         de S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and 
                         CNPMA-EMBRAPA, Brazil and Alterra, The Netherlands",
               author = "Alval{\'a}, Regina C{\'e}lia dos Santos and Gielow, Ralf and 
                         Rocha, H. R. and Freitas, H. C. and Lopes, J. M. and Manzi, 
                         Antonio Ocimar and Randow, C. V. and Dias, M. A. F. S. and Cabral, 
                         O. M. R. and Waterloo, M. J.",
             keywords = "meteorological, temperature.",
             language = "en",
       lastupdatedate = "2008-08-19",
            publisher = "Instituto and Nacional and de and Pesquisas and Espaciais",
                  ibi = "sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/09.06.13.49",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/09.06.13.49",
           targetfile = "v2.pdf",
                title = "Intradiurnal and seasonal variability of soil temperature, heat 
                         flux, soil moisture content, and thermal properties under forest 
                         and pasture in Rond{\^o}nia",
         typeofmedium = "On-line",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}