@ElectronicSource{MarengoJoneAlveValv:2007:FuChTe,
             abstract = "Using the PRECIS regional climate modeling system, this study 
                         analyzes the distribution of extremes of temperature and 
                         precipitation in South America in the recent past (1961-1990) and 
                         in a future (2071-2100) climate under the IPCC SRES A2 and B2 
                         emissions scenarios. The results show that for the present climate 
                         the model simulates well the spatial distribution of extreme 
                         temperature and rainfall events when compared with observations, 
                         with temperature more realistic. The observations over the region 
                         are far from comprehensive which compromises the assessment of 
                         model quality. In the future the occurrence of warm nights is 
                         projected to be more frequent in the entire tropical South 
                         America, while the occurrence of cold night events is likely to 
                         decrease. Significant changes in rainfall extremes and dry spells 
                         are also projected. These include increased intensity of extreme 
                         precipitation events over most of Southeastern South America and 
                         western Amazonia consistent with projected increasing trends in 
                         total rainfall in these regions. In Northeast Brazil and eastern 
                         Amazonia, smaller or no changes are seen in projected rainfall 
                         intensity though significant changes are seen in the frequency of 
                         consecutive dry days. In all the future climate scenarios 
                         considered all parts of the region would experience significant 
                         and often different changes in rainfall and temperature extremes. 
                         These changes would have impacts in biodiversity, human health, 
                         water resources and may have to be considered in the 
                         implementation of adaptation measures to cope with climate 
                         change.",
              address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and 
                         University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)}",
               author = "Marengo, Jos{\'e} Antonio and Jones, R. and Alves, Lincoln Muniz 
                         and Valverde, Maria Cleofe",
             keywords = "Climate, temperature, South America.",
             language = "en",
            publisher = "Instituto and Nacional and de and Pesquisas and Espaciais",
                  ibi = "sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/11.28.11.45",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m17@80/2007/11.28.11.45",
           targetfile = "v1.pdf",
                title = "Future change of temperature and precipitation extremes in South 
                         America as derived from the PRECIS regional climate modeling 
                         system",
         typeofmedium = "On-line",
                 year = "2007",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}