@Article{MendesTrigCavaDaCa:2008:ImClAd,
               author = "Mendes, Monica Cristina Dami{\~a}o and Trigo, Ricardo Machado and 
                         Cavalcanti, Iracema Fonseca Albuquerque and DaCamara, Carlos C.",
          affiliation = "Univ Lusofona, Dept Engn, Lisbon, Portugal and Univ Lusofona, Dept 
                         Engn, Lisbon, Portugal and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and Univ Lisbon, IDL, CGUL, P-1699 Lisbon, 
                         Portugal",
                title = "Blocking Episodes in the Southern Hemisphere: Impact on the 
                         Climate of Adjacent Continental Areas",
              journal = "Revista Brasileira de Geof{\'{\i}}sica",
                 year = "2008",
               volume = "165",
               number = "9-10",
                pages = "1941--1962",
                month = "oct.",
             keywords = "blocking, southern hemisphere, South America, pacific ocean, 
                         temperaturem precipitation.",
             abstract = "This work presents an updated climatology of blocking episodes for 
                         the Southern Hemisphere between 1960 and 2000, based on data from 
                         NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Five contiguous areas of blocking activity 
                         are considered; Southeastern Pacific, Southwestern Pacific, 
                         Atlantic, Indian and Oceania. The impact of the three most 
                         important areas of onset blocking episodes (Southeastern Pacific, 
                         Atlantic and Oceania) upon the climate of the adjacent continental 
                         areas (South America and Australia) was evaluated. Composites of 
                         the meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation) were 
                         obtained for periods of diagnosed blockings. The impact of the 
                         blocking episodes over the climate of South America and Australia 
                         is highlighted whenever anomaly fields of temperature and 
                         precipitation are significant at the 5% and 10% levels, 
                         respectively. Impacts of Southeastern Pacific and Atlantic 
                         blockings are observed on the temperature field over several 
                         regions of South America. Significantly higher (lower) 
                         temperatures than climatology occur in southern Brazil, northern 
                         Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, and lower (higher) than 
                         climatology in the extreme south of South America for the 
                         Southeastern Pacific (Atlantic) blocking episodes. Precipitation 
                         over South America is also affected by the Southeastern Pacific 
                         and Atlantic blockings in different ways. The Southeastern Pacific 
                         blocking has higher impact on precipitation in summer (dry 
                         conditions in northeast Brazil) and spring (wet conditions in 
                         central and southern Brazil), while the Atlantic blocking affects 
                         precipitation in autumn and winter (wet conditions in parts of 
                         central and southern Brazil). The blocking cases over Oceania 
                         affect southeastern Australia with normal to higher than 
                         climatological precipitation and with negative temperature 
                         anomalies in that region. Finally we provide a detailed analysis 
                         of a South Atlantic blocking episode, which occurred between the 
                         4(th) and the 8(th) of June 1997. This event shows clearly the 
                         split of the jet stream into two branches (subtropical and polar) 
                         surrounding the anticyclonic sector, and satellite imagery 
                         revealed the presence of transient systems in the periphery of the 
                         blocking anticyclone responsible for high values of precipitation 
                         in the southeastern sector of South America.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s00024-008-0409-4",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-008-0409-4",
                 issn = "0102-261X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Iracema_blocking.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "23 abr. 2024"
}