@Article{SabaCampKridPint:2009:HiViOb,
               author = "Saba, Marcelo Magalhaes Fares and Campos, Leandro Zanella de Souza 
                         and Krider, E. Philip and Pinto Jr., Osmar",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Univ Arizona, Inst 
                         Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "High-speed video observations of positive ground flashes produced 
                         by intracloud lightning",
              journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
                 year = "2009",
               volume = "36",
               number = "L12811",
                pages = "5pp",
                month = "Jun.",
             keywords = "continuing currents, m-components, red sprites, discharges, 
                         waveshapes, vlf.",
             abstract = "High-speed video recordings of two lightning flashes confirm that 
                         positive cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes can be produced by extensive 
                         horizontal intracloud (IC) discharges within and near the cloud 
                         base. These recordings constitute the first observations of CG 
                         leaders emanating from IC discharges of either polarity. In one 
                         case, the discharge began with a negative leader that propagated 
                         horizontally, went upward and produced an IC discharge. After the 
                         beginning of the IC discharge, a positive leader emanated from the 
                         lowest portion of the IC discharge, and initiated a positive 
                         return stroke. In the other case, the IC discharge began with a 
                         positive leader and then initiated a downward-propagating positive 
                         leader that contained recoil processes and produced a bright 
                         return stroke followed by a long continuing luminosity. These 
                         observations help to understand the complex genesis of positive CG 
                         flashes, why IC lightning commonly precedes them and why extensive 
                         horizontal channels are often involved.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2009GL038791",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL038791",
                 issn = "0094-8276",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "grl26069.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}