@InProceedings{TedeschiCava:2010:FoLaPl,
               author = "Tedeschi, Renata Gon{\c{c}}alves and Cavalcanti, Iracema 
                         Fonseca",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Canonical and Modoki ENSO and influences on South America 
                         Precipitation: focus in the La Plata Basinn",
            booktitle = "Posters",
                 year = "2010",
         organization = "The Meeting of the Americas.",
             keywords = "climate impacts, precipitation.",
             abstract = "Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the Pacific Ocean in 
                         ENSO years display different positions in some years. The 
                         identification of a pattern when positive SST anomalies are in 
                         central Pacific bounded by negative SST anomalies in eastern and 
                         western Pacific resulted in an El Nino type named Modoki. The 
                         objective of this study is to analyze the two types of ENSO 
                         (Canonical and Modoki) in the four seasons and their influences on 
                         South Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and precipitation over 
                         South America (SA). The data are SST - ERSST-V3, CMAP/CAMS 
                         precipitation and atmospheric fields from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, in 
                         the period of 1979 up to 2009. The criterion to define a canonical 
                         El Niño (EN) (La Niña - LN) is based on seasonal SST anomalies in 
                         the area 90°W-140°W and 5°N-5°S, which is part of 3 EN. EN (LN) 
                         years are selected when the seasonal SST anomaly in this area is 
                         above (below) 0,7\σ (where \σ is the standard 
                         deviation for the season). A Modoki index (EMI) is calculated by 
                         the following formula: 
                         EMI=\\\\\\\\\[SSTA\\\\\\\\\]a-0.5\\\\\\\\\[SSTA\\\\\\\\\]b-0.5\\\\\\\\\[SSTA\\\\\\\\\]c, 
                         where SSTA is the anomaly of SST in each area, and the areas are A 
                         (165°E-140°W, 10°S-10°N), B (110°W-70°W, 15°S-5°N) and C 
                         (125°E-145°E, 10°S-20°N). A modified Modoki EN (LN) is selected 
                         when the Modoki index is above (below) 0,7\σ of this index 
                         series and the SST anomaly in the area A is greater (less) than 
                         0,7\σ of the anomaly SST series. The monthly and seasonal 
                         fields of the global SST and SA precipitation are generated for 
                         each month/season defined as Canonical and Modoki ENSO. The 
                         atmospheric fields anomalies have also been generated for these 
                         years. Correlations between the precipitation series over SA and 
                         the average of SST anomalies in the Canonical ENSO area, in area A 
                         and also with the Modoki index is performed to verify which are 
                         the SA regions affected by the Pacific SST anomalies in each case. 
                         The monthly analyses show that different years with the same type 
                         of ENSO can have different or opposing influence on precipitation 
                         of a certain region. On the other hand, the seasonal analyses show 
                         consistent results for the same kind of ENSO. During the 
                         occurrence of a Canonical EN, there is a precipitation increase on 
                         the La Plata Basin (LPB), in all seasons. During a Canonical LN, 
                         normally there is a reduction in the LPB precipitation, except in 
                         march-april-may when in few years there is reduction and in 
                         others, increase. Some of the Modoki ENSO cases present opposite 
                         precipitation anomalies to the Canonical ENSO, but in other cases 
                         the precipitation anomalies are similar to the canonical ENSO.",
  conference-location = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u",
      conference-year = "8-12 Aug. 2010",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Renata_Canonical.pdf",
                 type = "On-line",
        urlaccessdate = "10 maio 2024"
}