@InProceedings{FrançaLNSCFRA:2010:DeEmFa,
               author = "Fran{\c{c}}a, Daniela and Longo, Karla and Neto, Turibio Gomes 
                         and Santos, Jos{\'e} Carlos dos and Cortez, Ely Vieira and 
                         Freitas, Saulo Ribeiro de and Rudorff, Bernardo and Aguiar, 
                         Daniel",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Pre-Harvest Sugarcane Straw Burning: Determination of Emission 
                         Factors and Emissions Estimation",
            booktitle = "Abstracts...",
                 year = "2010",
         organization = "The Meeting of the Americas.",
             keywords = "Pollution: urban and regional, trace gases, land cover change.",
             abstract = "Brazil is one of the leading countries in the production and 
                         export of many agricultural products and is the principal producer 
                         of sugarcane and exporter of sugar and alcohol in the world. 
                         Although the sugarcane crop is admittedly relevant to the national 
                         economy, the increase of ethanol demand may produce significant 
                         environmental impacts. The common practice of pre-harvest 
                         sugarcane straw burning emits particulate material, greenhouse 
                         gases and tropospheric ozone precursors to the atmosphere. 
                         Although there are policies to eliminate the pre-harvest burning 
                         practice in Brazil before 2020, the effectiveness of this 
                         regulation is still questionable and the environmental damages 
                         during this period may be significant. The generation of reliable 
                         inventories of emissions due to this activity is crucial in order 
                         to assess the environmental impact. In this context, this work is 
                         a first exercise to determine the emission factors for some trace 
                         gases and quantify the total emissions associated with the 
                         pre-harvest sugarcane burning practice in the State of S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo. Nine samples of two different varieties of sugarcane were 
                         harvested at the Sugarcane Technology Center (CTC) in the state of 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo. The samples were collected in dry weather 
                         conditions at distinct sites to assure representativeness of the 
                         biomass diversity. Thirteen experiments were conducted, burning 
                         the samples in lab controlled conditions. For each experiment, a 
                         fraction of a specific sample was put on a burning tray with area 
                         equal to 1 m2 inside a combustion chamber. The tray was maintained 
                         in horizontal position and its bottom was covered by a layer of 
                         soil with some branches, aiming to reproduce the burning condition 
                         in the field. During the experiments, gases emitted were conducted 
                         to trace gas analyzers through a coif coupled to a chimney located 
                         above the tray. For each test, mixing ratios of CO2, CO, NOX and 
                         UHC (unburned hydrocarbons) were measured, allowing the estimation 
                         of the respective emission factors. The average values for 
                         emission factors (g kg-1 of burned dry biomass) calculated were: 
                         1,279 ± 227 for CO2, 60.92 ± 10.30 for CO, 1.43 ± 0.45 for NOX and 
                         15.78 ± 5.78 for UHC. These emission factors were used to estimate 
                         the total emissions associated with sugarcane straw burning in the 
                         State of S{\~a}o Paulo from 2006 to 2009. Annual mappings of the 
                         burned sugarcane fields throughout the harvest season in each crop 
                         year, made in the context of CANASAT Project that uses satellite 
                         images to identify and map cultivated sugarcane areas, were used 
                         as input to the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM) in 
                         order to estimate trace gases and aerosols emissions.",
  conference-location = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u, BR",
      conference-year = "08-12 aug 2010",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}