@Article{EcherEcRiBrNoGo:2012:ReGlHe,
               author = "Echer, M. P. Souza and Echer, E. and Rigozzo, Nivaor Rodolfo and 
                         Brum, C. G. M. and Nordemann, D. J. R. and Gonzalez, W. D",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Natl Astron \& Ionosphere Ctr, 
                         Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "On the relationship between global, hemispheric and latitudinal 
                         averaged air surface temperature (GISS time series) and solar 
                         activity",
              journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "74",
                pages = "87--93",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Air surface temperature, Spectral analysis, Wavelet analysis, 
                         Sun–climate relationships, Sunspot Number, Solar variability.",
             abstract = "The air surface temperature is a basic meteorological parameter 
                         and its variation is a primary measure of global, regional and 
                         local climate changes. In this work, the global, hemispheric and 
                         latitudinal averaged air surface temperature time series, obtained 
                         from the NASA/Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), and the 
                         Sunspot Number (Rz) for the interval 18802005, are decomposed in 
                         frequency bands through wavelet multi-resolution analysis. We have 
                         found a very low correlation between global, hemispheric and 
                         latitudinal averaged air surface temperature and Rz in the 11 yr 
                         solar cycle band (816 years) from \∼1880 to \∼1950. 
                         Afterwards the correlation is higher. A very significant 
                         correlation (R \∼0.57 to 0.80) is found in the \∼22 
                         yr solar Hale cycle band (1632 years) with lags from zero to four 
                         years between latitudinal averages air surface temperature and Rz. 
                         Therefore it seems that the 22 yr magnetic field solar cycle might 
                         have a higher effect on Earth's climate than solar variations 
                         related to the 11 yr sunspot cycle.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jastp.2011.10.002",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2011.10.002",
                 issn = "1364-6826",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}