@InProceedings{BormaTomCuaArrSil:2012:HyReAm,
               author = "Borma, L. S. and Tomasella, Javier and Cuartas, E. M and Arraut, 
                         T. S. F and Silva, D. A. Rodrigues",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Hydrological response of the Amazon basin to drought events of 
                         1997/98, 2005 and 2010",
            booktitle = "Abstracts...",
                 year = "2012",
         organization = "Planet Under Pressure Conference, (PUP).",
             keywords = "Amazon basin, drought, flooding.",
             abstract = "While there is an increasing understanding on forest response to 
                         severe droughts episodes recently occurred in Amazon region (e.g. 
                         tree mortality rates, live biomass, CO2 exchanges and forest 
                         resilience), there has been not so many works on the hydrological 
                         response of the region to rainfall anomalies. The analysis of 
                         river discharges along the main stem and major tributaries during 
                         the drought episodes of 1997/98, 2005 and 2010 shows that they 
                         were of increasing intensities. Discharges well above the 
                         historical levels on the southern tributaries restricted the 
                         1997/98 temporal and spatial drought coverage, lasting around 3 
                         months during the low water period and being spatially restricted 
                         to the northern tributaries. The 2005 drought lasted the entire 
                         period of low water (4-5 months) and was mainly driven by the low 
                         discharges coming from the southern tributaries. The high water 
                         season presented discharges slightly above the historical means. 
                         Finally, the 2010 drought lasted 4-5 months. The discharges 
                         dropped to values well below the historical average during the low 
                         water and slightly below the historical average during the high 
                         water season, mainly driven by the southern tributaries. 
                         Additionally, the northern tributaries showed a strong decrease of 
                         the discharge during the preceding high water season, which may 
                         have affected the groundwater recharge, fully expanding the impact 
                         of decreasing rainfall during the dry season. An analysis of the 
                         dynamic of the flooding coverage using MODIS sensor shows that 
                         between 2000 and 2010, the smallest flooded area occurred in 2005 
                         (36.000 km2) and 2010 (37.800 km2) years. The reduction in flooded 
                         area - and the associated increase in the area of exposed soil has 
                         a direct relationship with the lives of the riverine communities 
                         during extreme drought episodes, as indicated by the number of 
                         municipalities which declared state of emergency, according to the 
                         Civil Defense data.",
  conference-location = "London",
      conference-year = "26-29 Mar. 2012",
        urlaccessdate = "13 maio 2024"
}