@Article{NobreAlmeMalaGiar:2012:CoOcVa,
               author = "Nobre, Paulo and Almeida, Roberto A. De and Malagutti, Marta and 
                         Giarolla, Emanuel",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Coupled ocean-atmosphere variations over the south atlantic 
                         ocean",
              journal = "Journal of Climate",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "25",
               number = "18",
                pages = "6349 6358",
                month = "Set.",
             abstract = "The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions on summer rainfall over 
                         the South Atlantic Ocean is explored through the use of coupled 
                         ocean-atmosphere models. The Brazilian Center for Weather Forecast 
                         and Climate Studies (CPTEC) coupled ocean-atmosphere general 
                         circulation model (CGCM) and its atmospheric general circulation 
                         model (AGCM) are used to gauge the role of coupled modes of 
                         variability of the climate system over the South Atlantic on 
                         seasonal timescales. Twenty six years of summer (DJF) simulations 
                         were done in ensemble mode with the CGCM, and the AGCM forced with 
                         both observed sea surface temperature (SST) and the SST generated 
                         by the CGCM forecasts to investigate the dynamics/thermodynamics 
                         of the two major convergence zones in the Tropical Atlantic; the 
                         Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the South Atlantic 
                         Convergence Zone (SACZ). The results present both numerical model 
                         and observational evidence supporting the hypothesis that the ITCZ 
                         is a thermally direct, SST driven atmospheric circulation, while 
                         the SACZ is a thermally indirect atmospheric circulation 
                         controlling SST variability underneath-a consequence of 
                         ocean-atmosphere interactions not captured by the atmospheric 
                         model forced by prescribed ocean temperatures. Six CGCM model 
                         results of the ENSEMBLES project, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, and 
                         ocean and atmospheric data from buoys of the Prediction and 
                         Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) Project 
                         over the tropical Atlantic are used to validate the CPTECs coupled 
                         and uncoupled models simulations.",
                  doi = "10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00444.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00444.1",
                 issn = "0894-8755",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}