@InProceedings{CalheirosMach:2013:ClRaLi,
               author = "Calheiros, Alan James Peixoto and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "The Cloud and Rain Liquid Water Characteristics of Different 
                         Precipitation Regimes in Brazil",
            booktitle = "Abstracts...",
                 year = "2013",
         organization = "CHUVA International Workshop, 1.",
             keywords = "cloud, rain liquid water, precipitation regimes, Brazil.",
             abstract = "Between 2010 and 2012, the CHUVA project collected information 
                         regarding cloud and rain trends in different precipitation regimes 
                         in Brazil. CHUVA had four field campaigns, located in the North, 
                         Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil, covering the semi-arid, 
                         Amazonas, coastal and mountain regions. The purpose of this study 
                         is to present statistics related to the integration of cloud and 
                         rain liquid water and the profiles for different cloud types and 
                         regimes. The synergy of several instruments allows us to describe 
                         the cloud process characteristics and to classify rain events. 
                         Microwave radiometer, LiDAR, radar, and disdrometer were employed 
                         in this study. The rain type classification was made using 
                         vertical profiles of reflectivity (VPR) and polarimetric variables 
                         from dual - polarization radar (XPOL). The profiles and integrated 
                         cloud liquid water (ILWC) was retrieved with a microwave 
                         ground-based radiometer using a neural network. For rainy 
                         conditions, the profiles from the liquid water content (LWCR) and 
                         their integrated (ILWR) properties were estimated by Micro Rain 
                         Radar (MRR) and XPOL VPRs. For non-precipitating clouds, the ILWC 
                         values were larger for the sites in Northeast Brazil near the 
                         coast than for the other regions. For rainy cases, distinct LWCR 
                         profiles and ILWR were observed for different rain classifications 
                         and regions with a distinctive rainfall regime. The ILWR for the 
                         convective systems show the highest values, followed by stratiform 
                         and warm systems. The clouds in the Vale do Paraiba and Belem 
                         showed the largest reflectivity in the mixed and glaciated layers, 
                         respectively. In contrast, the coastal sites show larger values of 
                         cloud and rain liquid water content for non-precipitating and warm 
                         clouds. The Vale and Belem clouds present the deepest clouds and 
                         larger convective cloud liquid water. Several analyses are 
                         presented, describing the cloud process and the differences among 
                         the regions.",
  conference-location = "S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil",
      conference-year = "May, 8-10",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
           targetfile = "abstract-Alan_Calheiros.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "04 maio 2024"
}