@Article{NogueiraAbSoBaBaSaTa:2013:CoObMo,
               author = "Nogueira, Paulo Alexandre Bronzato and Abdu, M. A. and Souza, J. 
                         R. and Batista, Inez Staciarini and Bailey, G. J. and Santos, A. 
                         M. and Takahashi, Hisao",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         Divis{\~a}o de Aeronomia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, 12227-010 S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo, Brazil and Divis{\~a}o de Aeronomia, Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, 12227-010 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, 
                         United Kingdom and Divis{\~a}o de Aeronomia, Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, 12227-010 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo, Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Equatorial ionization anomaly development as studied by GPS TEC 
                         and foF2 over Brazil: A comparison of observations with model 
                         results from SUPIM and IRI-2012",
              journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "104",
                pages = "45--54",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "equatorial anomaly, equatorial ionization anomalies (EIA), 
                         equatorial ionization anomaly, FoF2, international reference 
                         ionospheres, ionospheric model, TEC, total electron content, 
                         ionization, ionosphere, ionospheric measurement, magnetosphere, 
                         global positioning system.",
             abstract = "The equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) development is studied 
                         using the total electron content (TEC) observed by the Global 
                         Positioning System (GPS) satellites, the F2-layer critical 
                         frequency (foF2) as measured by digisondes operated in the 
                         Brazilian sector, and by model simulation using the SUPIM 
                         (Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model). We have used 
                         two indices based on foF2 and TEC to represent the strength of the 
                         EIA Southern Anomaly Crest (SAC), which are denoted, respectively, 
                         by SAC(foF2) and SAC(TEC). Significant differences in the local 
                         time variations of the EIA intensity, as represented by these two 
                         indices, are investigated. The observed SAC indices are compared 
                         with their values modeled by the SUPIM and also by the 
                         International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-2012. The SUPIM 
                         simulations that use the standard E×. B plasma drift and neutral 
                         air wind models are found to provide acceptable representations of 
                         the observed foF2 and TEC, and hence the indices SAC(foF2) and 
                         SAC(TEC) during daytime, whereas the IRI-2012 model is not, except 
                         during the post-midnight/sunrise hours. It is found that the 
                         differences in the local time variations between the SAC(foF2) and 
                         SAC(TEC) can be reduced by limiting the TEC integrations in height 
                         up to an altitude of 630. km in the SUPIM calculations. It is also 
                         found that when the EIA intensity is calculated for an 
                         intermediate dip latitude (12°S) the difference between the local 
                         time variation patterns of the two corresponding indices in the 
                         experimental data and in the SUPIM results is reduced. For the 
                         IRI-2012 values, the subequatorial station modification does not 
                         appear to have any effect.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.013",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.013",
                 issn = "1364-6826",
                label = "scopus 2013-11",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "1-s2.0-S1364682613002253-main.pdf",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.013",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}