@Article{GattiGMDMDBMCBFBARGPL:2014:DrSeAm,
               author = "Gatti, L. V. and Gloor, M. and Miller, J. B. and Doughty, C. E. 
                         and Malhi, Y and Domingues, L. G. and Basso, L. S. and 
                         Martinewski, A. and Correia, C. S. C. and Borges, V. F. and 
                         Freitas, Saulo Ribeiro de and Braz, Rodrigo de Oliveira and 
                         Anderson, L. O. and Rocha, H. and Grace, J. and Phillips, O. L. 
                         and Lloyd, J.",
          affiliation = "Instituto de Pesquisas Energ{\'e}Ticas e Nucleares (IPEN), 
                         Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Atmospheric Chemistry 
                         Laboratory and School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse 
                         Lane, Leeds LS9 2JT, UK. and Global Monitoring Division, Earth 
                         System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
                         Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and 
                         Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the 
                         Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 
                         3QY, UK. and Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography 
                         and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, 
                         Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. and Instituto de Pesquisas Energ{\'e} Ticas e 
                         Nucleares (IPEN), Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), 
                         Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory and Instituto de Pesquisas 
                         Energ{\'e} Ticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissao Nacional de Energia 
                         Nuclear (CNEN), Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory and Instituto de 
                         Pesquisas Energ{\'e} Ticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Comissao Nacional 
                         de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory and 
                         Instituto de Pesquisas Energ{\'e} Ticas e Nucleares (IPEN), 
                         Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), Atmospheric Chemistry 
                         Laboratory and Instituto de Pesquisas Energ{\'e} Ticas e 
                         Nucleares (IPEN), Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), 
                         Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {} and Environmental Change 
                         Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of 
                         Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. and {Departamento de 
                         Ciencias Atmosfericas/Instituto de Astronomia e Geofisica 
                         (IAG)/Universidade de Sao Paulo} and Crew Building, The King’s 
                         Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK. and School of 
                         Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS9 2JT, UK. 
                         and School of Tropical and Marine Biology and Centre for 
                         Terrestrial Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook 
                         University, Cairns 4870, Queensland, Australia.",
                title = "Drought sensitivity of Amazonian carbon balance revealed by 
                         atmospheric measurements",
              journal = "Nature",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "506",
               number = "7486",
                pages = "76--80",
             abstract = "Feedbacks between land carbon pools and climate provide one of the 
                         largest sources of uncertainty in our predictions of global 
                         climate. Estimates of the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon 
                         budget to climate anomalies in the tropics and the identification 
                         of the mechanisms responsible for feedback effects remain 
                         uncertain. The Amazon basin stores a vast amount of carbon, and 
                         has experienced increasingly higher temperatures and more frequent 
                         floods and droughts over the past two decades. Here we report 
                         seasonal and annual carbon balances across the Amazon basin, based 
                         on carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide measurements for the 
                         anomalously dry and wet years 2010 and 2011, respectively. We find 
                         that the Amazon basin lost 0.48 ± 0.18 petagrams of carbon per 
                         year (Pg C yr-1) during the dry year but was carbon neutral (0.06 
                         ± 0.1 Pg C yr-1) during the wet year. Taking into account carbon 
                         losses from fire by using carbon monoxide measurements, we derived 
                         the basin net biome exchange (that is, the carbon flux between the 
                         non-burned forest and the atmosphere) revealing that during the 
                         dry year, vegetation was carbon neutral. During the wet year, 
                         vegetation was a net carbon sink of 0.25 ± 0.14 Pg C yr-1, which 
                         is roughly consistent with the mean long-term intact-forest 
                         biomass sink of 0.39 ± 0.10 Pg C yr-1 previously estimated from 
                         forest censuses. Observations from Amazonian forest plots suggest 
                         the suppression of photosynthesis during drought as the primary 
                         cause for the 2010 sink neutralization. Overall, our results 
                         suggest that moisture has an important role in determining the 
                         Amazonian carbon balance. If the recent trend of increasing 
                         precipitation extremes persists, the Amazon may become an 
                         increasing carbon source as a result of both emissions from fires 
                         and the suppression of net biome exchange by drought.",
                  doi = "10.1038/nature12957",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12957",
                 issn = "0028-0836",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "15 maio 2024"
}