@Article{BragaVila:2014:InIcWa,
               author = "Braga, Ramon Campos and Vila, Daniel Alejandro",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Investigating the Ice Water Path in Convective Cloud Life Cycles 
                         to Improve Passive Microwave Rainfall Retrievals",
              journal = "Journal of Hydrometeorology",
                 year = "2014",
               volume = "15",
               number = "4",
                pages = "1486--1497",
                month = "Aug.",
             abstract = "This study focuses on the possible relationship between ice water 
                         path (IWP) retrievals using high-frequency channels (89 and 150 
                         GHz) from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B and Moisture 
                         Humidity Sounder sensors (NOAA-16-NOAA-19) and the life cycle 
                         stage of convective clouds. In the first part of this study, the 
                         relationship between IWP and the cloud area expansion rate is 
                         analyzed using the 235-K isotherm from Geostationary Operational 
                         Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12) thermal infrared images (10.7 
                         mu m). Next, the relationships between cloud convective fraction, 
                         rain rates (from ground radar), and cloud life cycle are analyzed. 
                         The selected area and time period coincide with the research 
                         activities of the Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation 
                         Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modeling and 
                         to the Global Precipitation Measurement (CHUVA)-Geostationary 
                         Lightning Mapper (GLM) project at Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil. The 
                         results show that 84\% of precipitating clouds contain ice, 
                         according to the Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products 
                         System (MSPPS) algorithm. Convective systems in the intensifying 
                         stage (when the area is expanding and the minimum temperature is 
                         decreasing) tend to have larger IWPs than systems in the 
                         dissipating stage. Larger rain rates and convective fractions are 
                         also observed from radar retrievals in the early stage of 
                         convection compared with mature systems. Hydrometeor retrieval 
                         data from polarimetric X-band radar suggest that particle 
                         effective diameter D-e and IWP patterns inferred with the MSPPS 
                         algorithm could be used to determine the life cycle stage of a 
                         given convective system. Using this information, a new set of 
                         equations is evaluated for rainfall retrievals using D-e and IWP 
                         from the current retrieval algorithm. This new approach 
                         outperforms the current algorithm in the studied region.",
                  doi = "10.1175/JHM-D-13-0206.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-13-0206.1",
                 issn = "1525-755X",
                label = "isi 2014-11 BragaVila:2014:InIcWa",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "23 abr. 2024"
}