@InProceedings{BatistaAbPaSoMuMe:1994:PlBuEq,
               author = "Batista, Inez Staciarini and Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali and Paula, 
                         Eurico Rodrigues de and Sobral, Jos{\'e} Humberto Andrade and 
                         Muralikrishna, Polinaya and Medeiros, R. T.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Plasma bubbles and equatorial sprea F irregularity studies over 
                         Brazil",
            booktitle = "Proceedings...",
                 year = "1994",
               editor = "Sakanaka, P. H. and Del Bosco, Edson and Alves, Maria Virginia",
                pages = "195--198",
         organization = "International Conference on Plasma Physics.",
             abstract = "For more 20 years ionospheric studies have been conductecd in 
                         Brazil, in order to understand the plasma bubble and spread F 
                         irregularity phenomena and their influence on radio-wave 
                         propagation. Most of the studies were carried out using 
                         ground-based equipments (ionosondes, polarimeters, scintillation 
                         measurements and photometers), operating in Cachoeira Paulista 
                         (22.5ºS. 45ºW), S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos (23ºS, 46ºW) and 
                         Fortaleza (4ºS, 38ºW). In situ measurements carried out using 
                         payloads on board of sounding rockets launched from Natal (5.9ºS, 
                         35.3ºW) have also contributed to the study of the plasma bubble 
                         phenomena over Brazil. The equatorial spread F phenomena are often 
                         associated with plasma depleted magnetic flux tubes, namely, 
                         plasma bubbles. The plasma bubbles are generated over the 
                         equatorial F region through the Rayleigh-Taylor gravitational 
                         instability process. The enhanced post-sunset ExB drift is of 
                         prime importance on the generation of plasma bubbles and 
                         equatorial spread F irregularities. The magnetic declination angle 
                         over Brazil s very high (it attains a global maximum over 
                         Brazilian longitude sector). The observational studies and 
                         theoretical simulations conducted in Brazil have shown that the 
                         very high magnetic declination angle greatly affects the seasonal 
                         distribution of spread F occurrence. In this paper, all these 
                         observational aspects as well as the simulations conducted to 
                         explain them, are reviewed.",
  conference-location = "Foz do Igua{\c{c}}u, PR",
      conference-year = "31 Oct. - 04 Nov.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Batista_plasma.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 abr. 2024"
}