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		<doi>10.3390/f8080277</doi>
		<issn>1999-4907</issn>
		<citationkey>TreuhaftLeGoKeSaNeAl:2017:TrStBi</citationkey>
		<title>Tropical-forest structure and biomass dynamics from TanDEM-X radar interferometry</title>
		<year>2017</year>
		<month>July</month>
		<typeofwork>journal article</typeofwork>
		<secondarytype>PRE PI</secondarytype>
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		<author>Treuhaft, Robert,</author>
		<author>Lei, Yang,</author>
		<author>Gonçalves, Fabio,</author>
		<author>Keller, Michael,</author>
		<author>Santos, Joăo Roberto dos,</author>
		<author>Neumann, Maxim,</author>
		<author>Almeida, André,</author>
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		<group>DIDSR-CGOBT-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR</group>
		<affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Canopy Remote Sensing Solutions</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Amazon</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>robert.treuhaft@jpl.nasa.gov</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>yang.lei@jpl.nasa.gov</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>fabio@canopyrss.tech</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>mkeller.co2@gmail.com</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>joao.roberto@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>neumann.maxim@gmail.com</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>andre.almeida@ufs.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<journal>Forests</journal>
		<volume>8</volume>
		<number>8</number>
		<pages>Article number 277</pages>
		<transferableflag>1</transferableflag>
		<contenttype>External Contribution</contenttype>
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		<keywords>tropical forest dynamics, aboveground biomass, interferometric SAR, TanDEM-X.</keywords>
		<abstract>Changes in tropical-forest structure and aboveground biomass (AGB) contribute directly to atmospheric changes in CO2, which, in turn, bear on global climate. This paper demonstrates the capability of radar-interferometric phase-height time series at X-band (wavelength = 3 cm) to monitor changes in vertical structure and AGB, with sub-hectare and monthly spatial and temporal resolution, respectively. The phase-height observation is described, with a focus on how it is related to vegetation-density, radar-power vertical profiles, and mean canopy heights, which are, in turn, related to AGB. The study site covers 18 × 60 km in the Tapajós National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon. Phase-heights over Tapajós were measured by DLR's TanDEM-X radar interferometer 32 times in a 3.2 year period from 2011-2014. Fieldwork was done on 78 secondary and primary forest plots. In the absence of disturbance, rates of change of phase-height for the 78 plots were estimated by fitting the phase-heights to time with a linear model. Phase-height time series for the disturbed plots were fit to the logistic function to track jumps in phase-height. The epochs of clearing for the disturbed plots were identified with &#8776;1-month accuracy. The size of the phase-height change due to disturbance was estimated with &#8776;2-m accuracy. The monthly time resolution will facilitate REDD+ monitoring. Phase-height rates of change were shown to correlate with LiDAR RH90 height rates taken over a subset of the TanDEM-X data's time span (2012-2013). The average rate of change of phase-height across all 78 plots was 0.5 m-yr-1 with a standard deviation of 0.6 m-yr-1. For 42 secondary forest plots, the average rate of change of phase-height was 0.8 m-yr-1 with a standard deviation of 0.6 m-yr-1. For 36 primary forest plots, the average phase-height rate was 0.1 m-yr-1 with a standard deviation of 0.5 m-yr-1. A method for converting phase-height rates to AGB-rates of change was developed using previously measured phase-heights and field-estimated AGB. For all 78 plots, the average AGB-rate was 1.7 Mg-ha-1-yr-1 with a standard deviation of 4.0 Mg-ha-1-yr-1. The secondary-plot average AGB-rate was 2.1 Mg-ha-1-yr-1, with a standard deviation of 2.4 Mg-ha-1-yr-1. For primary plots, the AGB average rate was 1.1 Mg-ha-1-yr-1 with a standard deviation of 5.2 Mg-ha-1-yr-1. Given the standard deviations and the number of plots in each category, rates in secondary forests and all forests were significantly different from zero; rates in primary forests were consistent with zero. AGB-rates were compared to change models for Tapajós and to LiDAR-based change measurements in other tropical forests. Strategies for improving AGB dynamical monitoring with X-band interferometry are discussed.</abstract>
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		<language>en</language>
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