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@Article{KumarBPVSNEJAG:2017:InInGa,
               author = "Kumar, C. P. Anil and Balan, Nalan and Panneerselvam, C. and 
                         Victor, N. Jeni and Selvaraj, C. and Nair, K. U. and Elango, P. 
                         and Jeeva, K. and Akhila, J. C. and Gurubaran, S.",
          affiliation = "{Indian Institute of Geomagnetism} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Indian Institute of Geomagnetism} 
                         and {Indian Institute of Geomagnetism} and {Indian Institute of 
                         Geomagnetism} and {Indian Institute of Geomagnetism} and {Indian 
                         Institute of Geomagnetism} and {Indian Institute of Geomagnetism} 
                         and {M.G. University} and {Indian Institute of Geomagnetism}",
                title = "Investigation of the influence of galactic cosmic rays on clouds 
                         and climate in Antarctica",
              journal = "Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy",
                 year = "2017",
               volume = "83",
               number = "3",
                pages = "631--644",
                month = "Sept",
             keywords = "Global Electric Circuit, Cosmic Rays, Antarctic Cloud Anomalies, 
                         Cloud-Microphysics, Ion-mediated Nucleation.",
             abstract = "This paper studies the effects of galactic cosmic rays on clouds 
                         and snow-fall rates in Antarctica using nine years of data 
                         (2001-2009) covering the long deep solar minimum (2007-2009) for 
                         the first time. Measurements of the fair-weather air earth current 
                         (Jz ) at the Indian Antarctic station Maitri (70º45'S, 11º43E), 
                         and equivalent galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux from the neutron 
                         monitor measurements made at the American station McMurdo (77º51S, 
                         166º40E) are used for the study. Meteorological data from the 
                         Antarctic stations Maitri, Vostok (78º27S,106º52E), Scott Base 
                         (77º51S, 166º46E) and Antarctic Data base are also used. The 
                         results show that low level cloud coverage (pressure >680 hPa) is 
                         positively correlated to GCR flux with the maximum correlation 
                         (31%) being at the long solar minimum (2007-2009) when snow-fall 
                         increased by 14%. The observed link between cosmic rays and 
                         climate in Antarctica is discussed in terms of ion-aerosol 
                         clear-sky hypothesis and ion-aerosol near-cloud hypothesis. GCR 
                         enhanced the cloud formation, and the increased low level clouds 
                         have invigoration to reflect more heat back to space.",
                  doi = "10.16943/ptinsa/2017/49028",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.16943/ptinsa/2017/49028",
                 issn = "0370-0046",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "402-1234-1-SM.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "19 mar. 2024"
}


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