@Article{MachadoCBGDCAAAABBBEFFFJMPPRPRSSTWW:2017:PrChSe,
author = "Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and Calheiros, Alan James Peixoto and
Biscaro, Thiago Souza and Giangrande, Scott and Dias, Maria A. F.
Silva and Cecchini, Micael A. and Albrecht, Rachel and Andreae,
Meinrat O. and Araujo, Wagner F. and Artaxo, Paulo and Bormann,
Stephan and Braga, Ramon and Burleyson, Casey and Eichholz,
Cristiano Wickboldt and Fan, Jiwen and Feng, Zheng and Fisch,
Gilberto F. and Jensen, Michael P. and Martin, Scot T. and
P{\"o}schl, Ulrich and P{\"o}hlker, Christopher and Ribaud,
Jean-Fran{\c{c}}ois and P{\"o}hlker, Mira L. and Rosenfeld,
Daniel and Saraiva, Jaci M. B. and Schumacher, Courtney and
Thalman, Ryan and Walter, David and Wendisch, Manfred",
affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Brookhaven National Laboratory}
and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de
S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)}
and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Instituto Nacional
de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo
(USP)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais (INPE)} and {Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and
{Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and {Department of
Aerospace Science and technology} and {Brookhaven National
Laboratory} and {Harvard University} and {Max Planck Institute for
Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry} and {Hebrew University of Jerusalem} and {Amazon
Protection System (SIPAM)} and {Texas A\&M University} and {Snow
College} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Leipzig
University}",
title = "Overview: precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to the
environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and
ACRIDICON-CHUVA",
journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion",
year = "2017",
volume = "990",
abstract = "Abstract. This is study provides an overview of precipitation
processes and their sensitivities to environmental conditions, in
the Central Amazon Basin, during the GoAmazon2014/5 and
ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiments. Taking advantage of the numerous
measuring platforms and instruments systems operating during both
campaigns sampling cloud structure and environmental conditions
during 2014 and 2015, the rainfall variability among seasons,
aerosol loading, land surface type, and topography have carefully
been characterized. Differences between the wet and dry seasons
were examined from a variety of different perspectives. The rain
rate distribution, the total amount of rainfall, and the raindrop
size distribution (the mean mass-weighted diameter) were
quantified for the two seasons. The dry season has a higher
average rain rate than the wet season and reflects more intense
rain. While the cumulative wet season rainfall amount was four
times larger than the total dry season rainfall, reflecting in
large total rainfall accumulation. The typical size and life cycle
of the Amazon cloud clusters (observed by satellite) and rain
cells (observed by radar) were examined, as well their differences
among the seasons. Moreover, we analyse the monthly mean
thermodynamical and dynamical variables, measured by radiosondes
to elucidate the differences in rainfall characteristics during
the wet and dry seasons. The sensitivity of rainfall to the
atmospheric aerosol loading is discussed with regard to the mean
mass-weighted diameter and rain rate. This topic was evaluated
during the wet season only due to the insignificant statistics of
rainfall events for different ranges of aerosol loadings and the
low frequency of precipitation events during the dry season. The
aerosol impacts on the cloud droplet diameter is different for
small and large drops. For the wet season, we observe no
dependence on land surface type on the rain rate. However, during
the dry season, urban areas exhibit the largest rain rate tail
distribution, and deforested regions have the lowest mean rain
rate. Airplane measurements were performed to characterize and
contrast cloud microphysical properties and processes over
forested and deforested regions. The vertical motion turned out to
be uncorrelated with cloud droplet sizes, but the cloud droplets
number concentration revealed a linear relationship to the
vertical motion. Clouds over forest exhibit larger droplets than
clouds over pastures at all cloud levels. Finally, the connections
between topography and rain rate were evaluated, showing a higher
rain rate over higher elevations for the dry season.",
doi = "10.5194/acp-2017-990",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-990",
issn = "1680-7367",
language = "en",
targetfile = "machado_overview.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "26 abr. 2024"
}