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@Article{YeeIWMRKHBGUBTGOLKKSMAPHCDJLMAVMOSMLG:2018:ObSeOx,
               author = "Yee, Lindsay D. and Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel and Wernis, Rebecca 
                         A. and Meng, Meng and Rivera, Ventura and Kreisberg, Nathan M. and 
                         Hering, Susanne V. and Bering, Mads S. and Glasius, Marianne and 
                         Upshur, Mary Alice and B{\'e}, Ariana Gray and Thomson, Regan J. 
                         and Geiger, Franz M. and Offenberg, John H. and Lewandowski, 
                         Michael and Kourtchev, Ivan and Kalberer, Markus and S{\'a}, 
                         Suzane de and Martin, Scot T. and Alexander, M. Lizabeth and Palm, 
                         Brett B. and Hu, Weiwei and Campuzano-Jost, Pedro and Day, Douglas 
                         A. and Jimenez, Jose L. and Liu, Yingjun and McKinney, Karena A. 
                         and Artaxo, Paulo and Viegas, Juarez and Manzi, Antonio and 
                         Oliveira, Maria B. and Souza, Rodrigo de and Machado, Luiz Augusto 
                         Toledo and Longo, Karla Maria and Goldstein, Allen H.",
          affiliation = "{University of California} and {University of California} and 
                         {University of California} and {University of California} and 
                         {University of California} and {Aerosol Dynamics Inc} and {Aerosol 
                         Dynamics Inc} and {Aarhus University} and {Aarhus University} and 
                         {Northwestern University} and {Northwestern University} and 
                         {Northwestern University} and {Northwestern University} and 
                         {United States Environmental Protection Agency} and {United States 
                         Environmental Protection Agency} and {University of Cambridge} and 
                         {University of Cambridge} and {Harvard University} and {Harvard 
                         University} and {Pacific Northwest National Laboratory} and 
                         {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences 
                         (CIRES)} and {Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental 
                         Sciences (CIRES)} and {Cooperative Institute for Research in 
                         Environmental Sciences (CIRES)} and {Cooperative Institute for 
                         Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)} and {Cooperative 
                         Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)} and 
                         {Harvard University} and {Harvard University} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da 
                         Amazonia (INPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia 
                         (INPA)} and {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEAM)} and 
                         {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEAM)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of California}",
                title = "Observations of sesquiterpenes and their oxidation products in 
                         central Amazonia during the wet and dry seasons",
              journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion",
                 year = "2018",
               volume = "2018",
                month = "Feb.",
             abstract = "Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from the Amazon forest 
                         region represent the largest source of organic carbon emissions to 
                         the atmosphere globally. These BVOC emissions dominantly consist 
                         of volatile and intermediate volatility terpenoid compounds that 
                         undergo chemical transformations in the atmosphere to form 
                         oxygenated condensable gases and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). 
                         We collected quartz filter samples with 12-hour time resolution 
                         and performed hourly in-situ measurements with the Semi-Volatile 
                         Thermal desorption Aerosol Gas chromatograph (SV-TAG) at a rural 
                         site (T3) located to the west of the urban center of Manaus, 
                         Brazil as part of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) field 
                         campaign to measure intermediate volatility and semi-volatile 
                         BVOCs and their oxidation products during the wet and dry seasons. 
                         We speciated and quantified 30 sesquiterpenes and four diterpenes 
                         with concentrations in the range 
                         0.016.04\ ng\ m\−3 (1670\ ppqv). We 
                         estimate that sesquiterpenes contribute approximately 14\ % 
                         and 12\ % to the total reactive loss of O3 via reaction 
                         with isoprene or terpenes during the wet and dry seasons, 
                         respectively. This is reduced from ~\ 5070\ % for 
                         within-canopy reactive O3 loss, attributed to ozonolysis of highly 
                         reactive sesquiterpenes (e.g. \β-caryophyllene) that are 
                         reacted away before reaching our measurement site. We further 
                         identify a suite of their oxidation products in the gas and 
                         particle phases and explore their role in biogenic SOA formation 
                         in the Central Amazon region. Synthesized authentic standards were 
                         also used to quantify gas- and particle-phase oxidation products 
                         derived from \β-caryophyllene. Using tracer-based scaling 
                         methods for these products, we roughly estimate that sesquiterpene 
                         oxidation contributes at least 118\ % (median 5\ %) 
                         of total submicron OA mass. However, this is likely a low-end 
                         estimate, as evidence for additional unaccounted sesquiterpenes 
                         and their oxidation products clearly exists. By comparing our 
                         field data to laboratory-based sesquiterpene oxidation experiments 
                         we confirm more than 40 additional observed compounds produced 
                         through sesquiterpene oxidation are present in Amazonian SOA, 
                         warranting further efforts towards more complete quantification.",
                  doi = "10.5194/acp-2018-191",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-191",
                 issn = "1680-7367",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "yee_observations.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 mar. 2024"
}


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