@MastersThesis{Duarte:2019:MuCoTe,
author = "Duarte, Jessyca Fernanda dos Santos",
title = "Mudan{\c{c}}as da cobertura da terra e transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o
florestal no Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2019",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2019-04-05",
keywords = "Sensoriamento remoto, transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal,
Mudan{\c{c}}as de Uso e Cobertura da Terra (MUCT), cobertura
florestal, remote sensing, forest transition, Land-Use and
Land-Cover Change (LULCC), forest cover.",
abstract = "As florestas desempenham um importante papel para a
manuten{\c{c}}{\~a}o da biodiversidade. No entanto, as
constantes mudan{\c{c}}as no uso e cobertura da terra ao longo do
tempo levaram a uma grande perda florestal, especialmente na Mata
Atl{\^a}ntica. A transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal postula um
decl{\'{\i}}nio na perda florestal acompanhado pela
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o, resultando em um aumento l{\'{\i}}quido
na {\'a}rea florestal, podendo ocorrer em combina{\c{c}}{\~a}o
com outros processos de mudan{\c{c}}as no uso da terra. Devido
{\`a} import{\^a}ncia de se conhecer quais os processos
est{\~a}o associados {\`a} transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal,
diversos estudos vem sendo desenvolvidos integrando t{\'e}cnicas
de Sensoriamento Remoto com dados de censos agropecu{\'a}rios e
demogr{\'a}ficos. Nesse contexto, os objetivos deste trabalho
foram: i) investigar a ocorr{\^e}ncia da transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o
florestal em uma {\'a}rea no Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba-SP; ii)
identificar e quantificar {\'a}reas de cobertura florestal,
incluindo {\'a}reas de remanescentes de Mata Atl{\^a}ntica,
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o e reflorestamento; iii) analisar a
distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial dos fragmentos de remanescentes
e de regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o a rede de
drenagem; e iv) investigar e compreender os principais processos
associados {\`a}s mudan{\c{c}}as da cobertura florestal.
Primeiro, foram gerados os mapas de cobertura florestal para os
anos de 1995, 2006 e 2018 utilizando imagens do sat{\'e}lite
Landsat. A s{\'e}rie temporal de imagens (1975 a 2018) auxiliou a
elucidar d{\'u}vidas na discrimina{\c{c}}{\~a}o das classes de
cobertura florestal. Em seguida, foram realizadas
p{\'o}s-classifica{\c{c}}{\~o}es e edi{\c{c}}{\~o}es dos
mapas para identifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o das {\'a}reas de
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Ap{\'o}s valida{\c{c}}{\~a}o das
classifica{\c{c}}{\~o}es, foram gerados os mapas de
transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal para os per{\'{\i}}odos
1995-2006 e 2006-2018. Os resultados mostraram que entre 1995 e
2018, as {\'a}reas de fragmentos de remanescentes de Mata
Atl{\^a}ntica reduziram-se em 10%, enquanto as {\'a}reas de
reflorestamento e de regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o cresceram em 142% e
4157%, respectivamente. O reflorestamento contribuiu com a maior
parte dos ganhos de cobertura florestal, representando 6% da
{\'a}rea de estudo em 2018. A {\'a}rea de cobertura florestal
total correspondeu a 25% da {\'a}rea de estudo no
per{\'{\i}}odo 1995-2006, e 28% em 2006-2018. A an{\'a}lise da
distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial dos fragmentos revelou que
aproximadamente 70% dos fragmentos de remanescentes e de
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o estavam situados entre 50 e 200 m dos
leitos dos rios, sugerindo que a preserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o e
recupera{\c{c}}{\~a}o das matas de galeria merecem uma maior
aten{\c{c}}{\~a}o para cumprimento da Lei Nš 12.651 do
C{\'o}digo Florestal. A an{\'a}lise dos censos mostrou que a
{\'a}rea de estudo {\'e} marcada por diferentes l{\'o}gicas,
resumindo: i) {\'a}reas onde os processos de
industrializa{\c{c}}{\~a}o e urbaniza{\c{c}}{\~a}o s{\~a}o
mais relevantes, o reflorestamento {\'e} um processo importante
para a transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal; ii) {\'a}reas com menor
desenvolvimento econ{\^o}mico apresentam {\'a}reas extensas e
conectadas de remanescentes florestais, onde vem ocorrendo
{\^e}xodo rural e processos de regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o. As
evid{\^e}ncias sugerem que est{\'a} ocorrendo uma
transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal na {\'a}rea de estudo, a qual
est{\'a} mais associada aos processos de reflorestamento do que
{\`a} regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o. ABSTRACT: Forests play an
important role in maintaining biodiversity. However, the constant
changes in land use and land cover over time have led to a major
forest loss, especially in the Atlantic Forest biome. The forest
transition theory postulates a decline in forest loss accompanied
by regeneration, resulting in a net increase in forest area and
may occur in combination with other land use change processes. Due
to the importance of understanding which processes are associated
with the forest transition, several studies have been developed
integrating Remote Sensing techniques with agricultural and
demographic censuses data. Thus, the objectives of this study
were: i) to investigate the occurrence of forest transition in an
area in the Para{\'{\i}}ba Valley-SP; ii) to identify and to
quantify areas of forest physiognomy, including areas of remnants
of Atlantic Forest, regeneration and reforestation; iii) to
analyze the spatial distribution of the remaining fragments and
regeneration in relation to the drainage network; and iv)
investigate and understand the main processes associated with
changes in forest cover. First, the forest cover maps were
generated for the years 1995, 2006 and 2018 using images from the
Landsat satellite. Imagery time-series (1975 to 2018) supported to
elucidate doubts in the discrimination of forest physiognomy
classes. Then, post-classifications and editions of the maps were
made to identify regeneration areas. After validation of the
classifications, forest transition maps were generated for the
periods 1995-2006 and 2006-2018. The results showed that, between
1995 and 2018, the remnant fragments of Atlantic Forest areas were
reduced by 10%, while reforestation and regeneration areas
increased by 142% and 4157%, respectively. Reforestation
contributed most of the gains from forest cover, accounting for 6%
of the study area in 2018. The total forest cover area
corresponded to 25% of the study area in the period 1995-2006, and
28% in 2006-2018. The spatial distribution analysis of the
fragments revealed that approximately 70% of the remnant and
regeneration fragments were located between 50 and 200 m from the
river beds, suggesting that the preservation and recovery of
gallery forests deserve greater attention in compliance with Law
12.651/12 of the Brazilian Forest Code. The analysis of the
censuses showed that the area of study is marked by different
logics, summarizing: i) areas where processes of industrialization
and urbanization are most relevant, reforestation is an important
process for forest transition; ii) areas with less economic
development present extensive and connected areas of forest
remnants, where rural exodus and regeneration processes have
occurred. Evidences suggest that a forest transition is occurring
in the study area, which is more associated with reforestation
processes than with regeneration.",
committee = "Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco (presidente) and Alves, Di{\'o}genes Salas
(orientador) and K{\"o}rting, Thales Sehn and Costa, Sandra Maria
Fonseca da",
englishtitle = "Changes in land cover and forest transition in the
Para{\'{\i}}ba Valley",
language = "pt",
pages = "142",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34R/3SUDTK2",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/3SUDTK2",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "26 abr. 2024"
}