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@InProceedings{ZeriAlCaCuCoUrMa:2019:MoSoMo,
               author = "Zeri, Marcelo and Alval{\'a}, Regina C{\'e}lia S. and Carneiro, 
                         Rog{\'e}rio and Cunha-Zeri, Gisleine da Silva and Costa, 
                         Jos{\'e} Maria and Urbano, Domingos and Marengo, Jos{\'e}",
          affiliation = "{Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais 
                         (CEMADEN)} and {Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de 
                         Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and {Centro Nacional de 
                         Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Centro 
                         Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais 
                         (CEMADEN)} and {Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de 
                         Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and {Centro Nacional de 
                         Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)}",
                title = "Monitoring of soil moisture for drought risk assessment over the 
                         Brazilian semiarid region",
                 year = "2019",
         organization = "EGU General Assembly",
             abstract = "Soil moisture is being monitored over the Brazilian semiarid since 
                         2014 using a network of 595 stations. The network was implemented 
                         by Cemaden, the National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning 
                         of Natural Disasters, with the objective of monitoring of spatial 
                         and temporal patterns of soil water and potential impacts on the 
                         regions agriculture activities. The Brazilian semiarid is the 
                         poorest in the country and hosts most of the family owned farms in 
                         Brazil. Crops such as maize and beans are mostly planted over 
                         small properties with no irrigation. In this work, agricultural 
                         risk is assessed using measurements of soil moisture which are 
                         presented in formats that highlight spatial, temporal and 
                         short-term variability. The Soil Moisture Index (SMI), based on a 
                         normalization of soil moisture by field capacity and wilting 
                         point, is used to characterize the current soil moisture 
                         conditions in a scale proportional to the water available to 
                         plants. The temporal evolution of SMI is used to visualize trends 
                         in short-term drought and response to rainfall events at daily 
                         time steps or recent weeks. A novel index based on continuous 
                         exposure to critical SMI is developed to help bring awareness of 
                         real time risk of water stress over the region: the Index of 
                         Stress in Agriculture (ISA). The index takes into account 
                         continuous exposure to a critical value of SMI (assumed as 0.4), 
                         below which water stress is expected to be triggered in plants. 
                         The index was tested during a short-term drought over the region 
                         and successfully identified locations under water stress for 
                         periods of three days or more. The monitoring tools presented here 
                         help to describe the real time conditions of drought over the 
                         region using daily observations. These tools are expected to be 
                         implemented over an online platform hosted at Cemadens website.",
  conference-location = "Vienna, Austria",
      conference-year = "07-12 apr.",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "EGU2019-2636.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "29 mar. 2024"
}


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