@Article{BreunigPerGalAlbGro:2019:DiAnEf,
author = "Breunig, F{\'a}bio M. and Pereira Filho, Waterloo and
Galv{\~a}o, L{\^e}nio Soares and Alberti, Edison and Gross,
Joceli",
affiliation = "{Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade
Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} and {Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal de Santa
Maria (UFSM)} and {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)}",
title = "Directional and angular effects on the spectral reflectance of
waters with variable amounts of total suspended solids",
journal = "Journal of Applied Remote Sensing",
year = "2019",
volume = "13",
number = "2",
pages = "e024524",
month = "june",
keywords = "remote sensing, water, reflectance, moderate resolution imaging
spectroradiometer, empirical models, bidirectional reflectance
distribution function.",
abstract = "Viewing geometry is one of the most important factors to consider
when water bodies are observed from satellite sensors with large
field of view. We examine the directional and angular effects on
the reflectance of waters with different concentrations of total
suspended solids (TSSs). In the laboratory, we measure the
reflectance in five view zenith angles (VZAs) and eight view
azimuth angles (VAAs) for optically shallow waters having four
concentrations of TSSs. Seven empirical models to estimate TSSs
based only on the reflectance of the red band (similar to 660 nm)
are evaluated. In addition, we analyze Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra reflectance measured in 13
consecutive satellite overpasses. The results show that the
reflectance of the inland-like water is affected by data
acquisition geometry. The best wavelength to estimate TSS is 625
nm for most VZAs and VAAs. The lowest correlations between
reflectance and TSS are observed at extreme viewing with the
anisotropy decreasing with increasing concentrations of TSSs.
Directional and angular effects are also observed for MODIS
(acquired and simulated data) with TSS underestimates observed
close to the orthogonal plane for all VZAs, and TSS overestimates
observed in the principal scattering plane in the forward
scattering direction. More anisotropic waters are observed for VZA
greater than +/- 30 deg. Results highlight the need for correcting
MODIS data for bidirectional effects in inland water studies.",
doi = "10.1117/1.JRS.13.024524",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.13.024524",
issn = "1931-3195",
language = "en",
targetfile = "024524_1.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "28 mar. 2024"
}