@Article{DiasJúniorDSSATDSVSPMSMJAOFCM:2019:ThClIn,
               author = "Dias J{\'u}nior, Cl{\'e}o Quaresma and Dias, Nelson 
                         Lu{\'{\i}}s and Santos, Rosa Maria N. dos and S{\"o}rgel, 
                         Matthias and Ara{\'u}jo, Alessandro and Tsokankunku, Anywhere and 
                         Ditas, Florian and Santana, Raoni Aquino de and Von Randow, Celso 
                         and S{\'a}, Marta and P{\"o}hlker, Christopher and Machado, Luiz 
                         Augusto Toledo and S{\'a}, Leonardo Deane de and Moran-Zuloaga, 
                         Daniel and Janssen, Ruud and Acevedo, Ot{\'a}vio and Oliveira, 
                         Pablo and Fisch, Gilberto and Chor, Tomas and Manzi, Ant{\^o}nio 
                         Ocimar",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Federal do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         do Paran{\'a} (UFPR)} and {Universidade Estadual do Amazonas 
                         (UEA)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Empresa 
                         Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Max 
                         Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for 
                         Chemistry} and {Universidade Federal do Oeste do Par{\'a} 
                         (UFOPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} 
                         and {Large ScaleBiosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)} 
                         and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Instituto Nacional 
                         de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Max Planck Institute for 
                         Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and {Instituto 
                         Federal do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Instituto Federal do Par{\'a} 
                         (IFPA)} and {Instituto Federal do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Instituto 
                         Federal do Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Is there a classical inertial sublayer over the Amazon Forest?",
              journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
                 year = "2019",
               volume = "46",
               number = "10",
                pages = "5614--5622",
                month = "May",
             abstract = "On the basis of measurements over different surfaces, an inertial 
                         sublayer (ISL), where Monin-Obukhov Similarity Theory applies, 
                         exists above z = 3h, where h is canopy height. The roughness 
                         sublayer is within h < z < 3h. Most studies of the surface layer 
                         above forests, however, are able to probe only a narrow region 
                         above h. Therefore, direct verification of an ISL above tall 
                         forests is difficult. In this study we conducted a systematic 
                         analysis of unstable turbulence characteristics at heights from 40 
                         to 325 m, measured at an 80m, and the recently built 325-m Amazon 
                         Tall Tower Observatory towers over the Amazon forest. Our analyses 
                         have revealed no indication of the existence of an ISL; instead, 
                         the roughness sublayer directly merges with the convective mixed 
                         layer above. Implications for estimates of momentum and scalar 
                         fluxes in numerical models and observational studies can be 
                         significant. Plain Language Summary The Amazon forest interacts 
                         with the atmosphere by emitting and absorbing many substances, 
                         such as carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and organic compounds, 
                         produced by the vegetation. These substances are very influential 
                         in both the regional and global climates, and until now, the 
                         estimates of their emission and absorption rates are based on 
                         classical theories developed originally over relatively short 
                         vegetation and valid for a region above the ground called the 
                         {"}inertial sublayer.{"} In this work we present evidence, 
                         obtained with the help of measurements from a very tall tower (325 
                         m), that a classical inertial sublayer does not exist over the 
                         Amazon forest. New methods to quantify the emission and absorption 
                         rates, therefore, will be needed to improve their estimates.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2019GL083237",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083237",
                 issn = "0094-8276",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Dias-J-nior_et_al-2019-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 abr. 2024"
}