@Article{KayanoRosRaoAndSou:2019:ReLoEx,
               author = "Kayano, Mary Toshie and Rosa, Marcelo Barbio and Rao, Vadlamudi 
                         Brahmananda and Andreoli, Rita Val{\'e}ria and Souza, Rodrigo 
                         Augusto Ferreira de",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade do Estado do 
                         Amazonas (UEA)} and {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)}",
                title = "Relations of the low-level extratropical cyclones in the Southeast 
                         Pacific and South Atlantic to the Atlantic multidecadal 
                         oscillation",
              journal = "Journal of Climate",
                 year = "2019",
               volume = "32",
               number = "14",
                pages = "4167--4178",
                month = "July",
             keywords = "Extratropical cyclones, Climate variability, Multidecadal 
                         variability.",
             abstract = "The relations of the low-level extratropical cyclones in the 
                         southeastern Pacific and South Atlantic with the sea surface 
                         temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the Atlantic 
                         multidecadal oscillation (AMO) during the summer and winter of the 
                         1979-93 cold AMO (CAMO) and 2003-17 warm AMO (WAMO) are analyzed. 
                         During both seasons and in both AMO phases, the cyclone 
                         trajectories defined by cyclone local counts exceeding 10 events 
                         per grid box occur approximately in the areas with the AMO-related 
                         positive SST anomalies. The cyclone densities in most latitudes 
                         during both seasons are higher in the CAMO than in the WAMO. Thus, 
                         the cyclone density in the study domain presents a reduction trend 
                         during the 1979-2017 period. The large-scale northward SST 
                         anomalous gradients between the bands north and south of 40 
                         degrees S increase the long-wave baroclinicity in the midlatitudes 
                         in the WAMO, and the southward SST anomalous gradients decrease it 
                         in the CAMO. Consequently, the short-wave baroclinicity is higher 
                         in the WAMO than in the CAMO in the southeastern Pacific 
                         midlatitudes. Thus, the cyclones are more energetic in the WAMO 
                         than in the CAMO. In the South Atlantic region off the Argentinean 
                         coast, both the barotropic and baroclinic conversion terms are 
                         positive, indicating an increase of the kinetic energy of the 
                         short waves. The low-level cyclones in the southeastern Pacific 
                         and South Atlantic are modulated by the AMO. As far as we know, 
                         the relation of the SH low-level extratropical cyclones to the AMO 
                         documented here was not studied before.",
                  doi = "10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0564.1",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0564.1",
                 issn = "0894-8755",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "kayano_relations.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "23 abr. 2024"
}