@InProceedings{GattiDBMCMCTAAGPVNSCA:2019:SeAmCa,
               author = "Gatti, Luciana Vanni and Domingues, Lucas Gatti and Basso, Luana 
                         Santamaria and Miller, John B. and Cassol, Henrique Luis Godinho 
                         and Marani, Luciano and Correia, Caio Silvestre de Carvalho and 
                         Tejada, Graciela and Arag{\~a}o, Luiz Eduardo Oliveira e Cruz de 
                         and Anderson, Liana O. and Gloor, Manuel and Peters, Wouter and 
                         Von Randow, Celso and Neves, Raiane Aparecida Lopes and Sanchez, 
                         Alber and Crispim, St{\'e}phane Palma and Arai, Eg{\'{\i}}dio",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and NOAA and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Energ{\'e}ticas (IPEN)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de 
                         Desastres Naturais (CEMADEN)} and {University of Leeds} and 
                         {University of Groningen} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Sensitivity of Amazon Carbon Balance to climate and human-driven 
                         changes in Amazon",
            booktitle = "Abstracts...",
                 year = "2019",
         organization = "Chapman Conference on Understanding Carbon Climate Feedbacks",
             abstract = "Amazon is the major tropical land region, with critical processes, 
                         such as the carbon cycle, not yet fully understood. Only very few 
                         long-term greenhouse gas measurements is available in the tropics. 
                         The Amazon accounts for 50% of Earths tropical rainforests hosting 
                         the largest carbon pool in vegetation and soils (~200 PgC). The 
                         net carbon exchange between tropical land and the atmosphere is 
                         critically important because the stability of carbon in forests 
                         and soils can be disrupted in short time-scales. The main 
                         processes releasing C to the atmosphere are deforestation, fires 
                         and changes in growing conditions due to increased temperatures 
                         and droughts. Such changes may thus cause feedbacks on global 
                         climate. In the last 40 years, Amazon mean temperature increased 
                         by 1.1șC. The length of the dry season is also increasing. We 
                         observed a reduction of 50.5mm in the annual mean precipitation 
                         during this same 40 years period. Precipitation reduction occurred 
                         mainly in the dry season, exacerbating vegetation water stress 
                         with consequences for the carbon balance. To understand the 
                         consequences of climate and human-driven changes on the C budget 
                         of Amazonia, we put in place the first program with regional 
                         representativeness, from 2010 onwards, aiming to quantify 
                         greenhouse gases based on extensive collection of vertical 
                         profiles of CO2 and CO. Regular vertical profiles from the ground 
                         up to 4.5 km height were performed at four sites along the main 
                         air-stream over the Amazon. Here we will report what these new 
                         data tell us about the greenhouse gas balance and its controls 
                         during the 2010-2017. Along this period we performed 513 vertical 
                         profiles over four strategic regions that represent fluxes over 
                         the entire Amazon region. The observed variability of carbon 
                         fluxes during these 8 years is correlated with climate variability 
                         (Temperature, precipitation, GRACE) and human-driven changes 
                         (Biomass Burning). The correlations were performed inside each 
                         influenced area for each studied site. It was observed a 
                         persistent C source from the Amazon (natural plus anthropogenic 
                         sources) to the atmosphere. Amazon was a consistent source of 0.4 
                         ± 0.2 PgC/year on average considering the Amazon area of 7.2 
                         million km2. Fire emission is the main source of carbon to the 
                         atmosphere, which is not compensate by the C removal from 
                         old-growth Amazon forest.",
  conference-location = "San Diego, CA",
      conference-year = "26-29 ago.",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}