@MastersThesis{Maciel:2020:InHiTr,
author = "Maciel, Amanda Lopes",
title = "Investiga{\c{c}}{\~a}o da hip{\'o}tese de transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o
florestal no Vale do Ribeira (SP/PR) usando imagens de
sensoriamento remoto e dados
agr{\'{\i}}colas/demogr{\'a}ficos",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2020",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2020-06-29",
keywords = "an{\'a}lise temporal, censos e estat{\'{\i}}sticas
agr{\'{\i}}colas/demogr{\'a}ficas, an{\'a}lise de fatores
biof{\'{\i}}sicos e socioecon{\^o}micos,
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal, mudan{\c{c}}a de uso e
cobertura da terra, temporal analyses, census and
agricultural/demographic statistics, analysis of biophysics and
socioeconomic factors, forest regeneration, land-use cover
change.",
abstract = "A expans{\~a}o da atividade agr{\'{\i}}cola tem sido
majoritariamente respons{\'a}vel pela perda de mais de 90% da
cobertura florestal original do bioma Mata Atl{\^a}ntica.
Evid{\^e}ncias sugerem a recupera{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o em regi{\~o}es do bioma em revers{\~a}o
{\`a}s tend{\^e}ncias do desmatamento. Em reconhecimento {\`a}
import{\^a}ncia de relacionar os processos respons{\'a}veis
pelas mudan{\c{c}}as do uso da terra, estudos t{\^e}m utilizado
t{\'e}cnicas de sensoriamento remoto em conjunto {\`a}s
estat{\'{\i}}sticas agr{\'{\i}}colas e demogr{\'a}ficas, no
intuito de investigar a associa{\c{c}}{\~a}o de mudan{\c{c}}as
{\`a} cobertura florestal. Considere-se regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o
como sendo a reconstitui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espont{\^a}nea e natural
de um ambiente ap{\'o}s degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o ambiental e o
reflorestamento, o plantio de florestas para fins comerciais, como
pinus e eucalipto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e
mapear as {\'a}reas de regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o, reflorestamento e
remanescentes da regi{\~a}o do Vale do Ribeira (SP/PR) em uma
s{\'e}rie temporal de 1985 a 2017, a fim de investigar a
hip{\'o}tese de transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal na regi{\~a}o.
Foram utilizados o algoritmo de classifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o Compound
Maximum Likelihood, desenvolvido para minimizar erros comuns
advindos de classifica{\c{c}}{\~o}es de imagens de uma
s{\'e}rie temporal, e dados dos censos e estat{\'{\i}}sticas
agr{\'{\i}}colas/demogr{\'a}ficas. Os resultados apontaram que
entre 1985 e 2017 a {\'a}rea total dos fragmentos de
remanescentes de Mata Atl{\^a}ntica na regi{\~a}o decresceu 31%,
enquanto a {\'a}rea total de reflorestamento e de
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o aumentou 104% (65,5 mil ha) e 284% (410
mil ha), respectivamente. A an{\'a}lise da
distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial dos fragmentos revelou que a
maior taxa de desmatamento, cerca de 60%, ocorreu em {\'a}reas de
menor declividade (<8%), e que as {\'a}reas reflorestadas
concentraram-se em regi{\~o}es de maiores declividades (8-20%).
Aproximadamente 93% dos fragmentos regenerados estavam situados em
{\'a}reas de at{\'e} 20% de declividade, sugerindo que a
preserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o e recupera{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi devido ao
cumprimento do C{\'o}digo Florestal (Lei nš 12.651/2012).
Considerando-se a distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o das coberturas
florestais dentro das Unidades de Conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o, a
regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal representou 30% do ganho
l{\'{\i}}quido florestal total no Vale do Ribeira. Ao que se
refere {\`a} distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos fragmentos florestais
em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\`a} dist{\^a}ncia das principais
rodovias, cerca de 18% da regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o centralizaram-se
em at{\'e} 1000 m de dist{\^a}ncia em 1985, enquanto em 2017,
esse valor ultrapassa 22%, sugerindo um padr{\~a}o de
difus{\~a}o ao longo das estradas nas {\'u}ltimas d{\'e}cadas.
A an{\'a}lise dos censos e estat{\'{\i}}sticas
agr{\'{\i}}colas/demogr{\'a}ficas sugere que a {\'a}rea de
estudo inclui diferentes associa{\c{c}}{\~o}es entre processos
de mudan{\c{c}}as de cobertura florestal, demogr{\'a}ficos e de
atividades econ{\^o}micas, entre os quais: i) munic{\'{\i}}pios
com processos de industrializa{\c{c}}{\~a}o e
urbaniza{\c{c}}{\~a}o incipientes, o reflorestamento {\'e} um
processo importante para a transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal; ii)
munic{\'{\i}}pios com diminui{\c{c}}{\~a}o das {\'a}reas
cultivadas, diminui{\c{c}}{\~a}o da popula{\c{c}}{\~a}o rural,
aumento do rendimento m{\'e}dio agr{\'{\i}}cola e aumento da
renda associada {\`a} agricultura, a regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o se
estabelece como um processo importante para a
transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal. Conclui-se que o aumento
l{\'{\i}}quido de aproximadamente 6% na cobertura florestal
total entre o per{\'{\i}}odo 1985-2017 sugere a ocorr{\^e}ncia
de transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o florestal no Vale do Ribeira, explicada
em decorr{\^e}ncia das concep{\c{c}}{\~o}es do ajuste
agr{\'{\i}}cola e de crescimento econ{\^o}mico. ABSTRACT: The
expansion of agricultural activity has been the major cause of
loss of more than 90% of the original forest cover of Atlantic
Forest biome. Evidences suggests a recovery in regions of the
biome reversing deforestation trends. The association of the main
responsible processes of land-use changes, studies have used
remote sensing techniques with agricultural and demographic
statistics, in order to investigate the association of forest
cover changes. Consider regeneration as the spontaneous and
natural reconstitution of a region after an environmental
degradation and the reforestation, the forest plantation for
commercial purposes, like pine e eucalyptus. This work aimed to
identify and map regeneration, reforestation and forest remnant
areas in Ribeira Valley SP/PR - Brazil from 1985 to 2017, in order
to investigate the forest transition hypothesis in the region. The
algorithm Compound Maximum Likelihood, developed to minimize
common errors from multitemporal series classifications, and
census and agricultural/demographic statistic data were used. The
results showed that between 1985 and 2017, the total area of
remaining Atlantic Forest fragments decreased by 31%, while
reforestation and regeneration areas increased 104% (65.5 thousand
ha) and 284% (410 thousand ha), respectively. The analysis of
spatial distribution of forest fragments revealed that the high
rate of deforestation, approximately 60%, occurred in low
declivity areas (<8%), and the reforested patches were
concentrated in regions of high declivity (8 - 20%). Almost 93% of
the regenerated fragments were located in places of up to 20%
slope, which indicates the preservation and recovery were due to
the Forest Code (Law nš 12.651/2012). Considering the distribution
of forest cover in Conservation Units, the forest regeneration
represented 30% of total net forest gain in Ribeira Valley.
Regarding the distribution of forest fragments in relation to the
distance from the main highways, almost 18% of the regeneration
area were concentrated until 1000 m in 1985, while in 2017 this
value overpasses 22%, suggesting the pattern of diffusion along
highways in recent decades. The analysis of census and
agricultural/demographic statistics suggests that the study area
includes different associations between changing processes of
forest cover, demographics and economic activities, among them: i)
cities with relevant industrialization and urbanization processes,
reforestation is an important process for the forest transition;
ii) cities with decrease in cultivated areas, decrease in the
rural population, increase in the average agricultural income and
an increase in income based on agriculture, regeneration is
established as an important process for the forest transition.
Thus, it can be concluded that the increase of approximately 6% in
total forest coverage between the period 1985-2017 suggests the
occurrence of forest transition in Ribeira Valley, due to the
predictions of agricultural adjustment and economic improviment.",
committee = "Renn{\'o}, Camilo Daleles (presidente) and Alves, Diogenes Salas
(orientador) and Sant'Anna, Sidnei Jo{\~a}o Siqueira (orientador)
and Farinaci, Juliana Sampaio",
englishtitle = "Valley SP/PR - Brazil through remote sensing images and
agricultural/demographic data",
language = "pt",
pages = "133",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34R/42PHUMB",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/42PHUMB",
targetfile = "publicacao_FA provisoria.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "18 abr. 2024"
}