@Article{FagundesPHVDTAPPBRVRDAS:2020:IoDiLa,
author = "Fagundes, P. R. and Pezzopane, Michael and Habarulema, J. B. and
Venkatesh, K. and Dias, M. A. L. and Tardelli, A. and Abreu, A. J.
de and Pillat, V. G. and Pignalberi, A. and Bolzan, M. J. A. and
Ribeiro, B. A. G. and Vieira, F. and Raulin, J. P. and Denardini,
Clezio Marcos and Arcanjo, M. O. and Seemala, G. K.",
affiliation = "{Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {Istituto
Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)} and {South African
National Space Agency (SANSA)} and {National Atmospheric Research
Laboratory (NARL)} and {Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba
(UNIVAP)} and {Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)}
and {Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico da Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)} and
{Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {Istituto
Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)} and {Universidade
Federal de Jata{\'{\i}}} and {Universidade do Vale do
Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {Universidade do Vale do
Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and {Universidade Presbiteriana
Mackenzie} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}
and {Universidade do Vale do Para{\'{\i}}ba (UNIVAP)} and
{Indian Institute of Geomagnetism}",
title = "Ionospheric disturbances in a large area of the terrestrial globe
by two strong solar flares of September 6, 2017, the strongest
space weather events in the last decade",
journal = "Advances in Space Research",
year = "2020",
volume = "66",
number = "7",
pages = "1775--1791",
month = "Oct.",
keywords = "Ionosphere, F-region, Solar flare, EIA.",
abstract = "On September 6, 2017, the solar active region AR 2673 emitted two
solar flares: the first at 08:57 UT (X2.2) and the second at 11:53
UT (X9.3); both were powerful enough to black-out high and low
frequency radio waves (where UT is universal time). The X9.3 was
the strongest solar flare event in the past decade. In this study,
we took the advantage of these two extreme flare events to
investigate corresponding effects on the ionosphere using
multi-instrument observations from magnetometers, Global
Positioning System Total Electron content (GPS-TEC) receivers,
ionosondes and Swarm satellites over a large geographical extent
covering South American, African and European sectors. During the
X2.2 flare, European and African sectors were sunlit and during
X9.3 European, African, and South American sectors were sunlit and
exposed to the solar flare radiation. During the X2.2 flare, there
was an ionosonde blackout for a duration of about 45 min, while
during the X9.3 flare this blackout lasted for 1 h and 30 min. The
blackout are seen over a large global extent which demonstrates
the severity of solar flare events in disrupting the radio
communication. The horizontal component of Earths geomagnetic
field has shown ripples and enhancements during these flare
events. The ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC)
showed a positive phase along with an intensification of the
Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) over the South American and
African sectors. The dynamical and physical processes associated
with the TEC and EIA variabilities due to solar flare are
discussed.",
doi = "10.1016/j.asr.2020.06.032",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.06.032",
issn = "0273-1177 and 1879-1948",
language = "en",
targetfile = "fagundes_ionospheric.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "28 mar. 2024"
}