@Article{ErikssonSouzCassHoil:2020:NaFlRo,
               author = "Eriksson, Stefan and Souza, Vitor Moura Cardoso e Silva and 
                         Cassak, Paul A. and Hoilijoki, Sanni",
          affiliation = "{University of Colorado Boulder} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {West Virginia University} and 
                         {University of Colorado Boulder}",
                title = "Nascent flux rope observations at Earth's dayside magnetopause",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "125",
               number = "10",
                pages = "e2020JA027919",
                month = "Oct.",
             abstract = "Two THEMIS satellites, separated by only 0.38 Earth radii (RE), 
                         traversed two consecutive dayside magnetopause (MP) current sheets 
                         at 3.5 < ZGSM < 3.8 RE on 15 November 2010. An early\‐stage 
                         crater\‐like flux transfer event (FTE) with weakly enhanced 
                         total pressure is sampled at the first, complete outbound MP 
                         crossing. A mature FTE flux rope is observed just 70 s later 
                         across the second, inbound crossing of the MP current sheet. Two 
                         counterstreaming magnetosheath ion beams at the interface of two 
                         converging reconnection exhausts earthward of the MP current sheet 
                         provide direct evidence of two X\‐lines across the 
                         early\‐stage crater FTE. A D\‐shaped ion beam 
                         observed along the southward magnetic field in the magnetosheath 
                         boundary layer and northward exhausts observed earthward of the MP 
                         provide evidence of two X\‐lines across the mature FTE flux 
                         rope. Tripolar out\‐of\‐plane magnetic field 
                         perturbations (\ΔBM) of substantial magnitudes were sampled 
                         across the MP current sheet in both stages of the FTE flux rope 
                         evolution. These dayside observations suggest an association 
                         between a tripolar \ΔBM perturbation with two magnetic 
                         reconnection X\‐lines and FTE flux rope formation. A 
                         dedicated particle\‐in\‐cell numerical simulation of 
                         magnetic reconnection reproduces similar ion velocity 
                         distributions and out\‐of\‐plane magnetic field 
                         perturbations at an asymmetric current sheet as those observed 
                         across a nascent flux rope between two X\‐lines at the 
                         dayside asymmetric MP.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2020JA027919",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020JA027919",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "eriksson_nascent.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "25 abr. 2024"
}