@Article{VianaLoreCarvNunz:2020:EsEnDi,
               author = "Viana, Rafael Duarte and Lorenzzetti, Jo{\~a}o Ant{\^o}nio and 
                         Carvalho, Jonas Takeo and Nunziata, Ferdinando",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universit{\'a} degli Studi di 
                         Napoli Parthenope}",
                title = "Estimating energy dissipation rate from breaking waves using 
                         polarimetric SAR images",
              journal = "Sensors",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "20",
               number = "22",
                pages = "1--18",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "SAR, radar polarimetry, wave breaking, energy dissipation rate.",
             abstract = "The total energy dissipation rate on the ocean surface, et (W 
                         m\−2 ), provides a first-order estimation of the kinetic 
                         energy input rate at the oceanatmosphere interface. Studies on the 
                         spatial and temporal distribution of the energy dissipation rate 
                         are important for the improvement of climate and wave models. 
                         Traditional oceanographic research normally uses remote 
                         measurements (airborne and platforms sensors) and in situ data 
                         acquisition to estimate et ; however, those methods cover small 
                         areas over time and are difficult to reproduce especially in the 
                         open oceans. Satellite remote sensing has proven the potential to 
                         estimate some parameters related to breaking waves on a synoptic 
                         scale, including the energy dissipation rate. In this paper, we 
                         use polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to estimate 
                         et under different wind and sea conditions. The used methodology 
                         consisted of decomposing the backscatter SAR return in terms of 
                         two contributions: a polarized contribution, associated with the 
                         fast response of the local wind (Bragg backscattering), and a 
                         non-polarized (NP) contribution, associated with wave breaking 
                         (Non-Bragg backscattering). Wind and wave parameters were 
                         estimated from the NP contribution and used to calculate et from a 
                         parametric model dependent of these parameters. The results were 
                         analyzed using wave model outputs (WAVEWATCH III) and previous 
                         measurements documented in the literature. For the prevailing wind 
                         seas conditions, the et estimated from pol-SAR data showed good 
                         agreement with dissipation associated with breaking waves when 
                         compared to numerical simulations. Under prevailing swell 
                         conditions, the total energy dissipation rate was higher than 
                         expected. The methodology adopted proved to be satisfactory to 
                         estimate the total energy dissipation rate for light to moderate 
                         wind conditions (winds below 10 m s\−1 ), an environmental 
                         condition for which the current SAR polarimetric methods do not 
                         estimate et properly.",
                  doi = "10.3390/s20226540",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226540",
                 issn = "1424-8220",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "viana_estimating.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 abr. 2024"
}