@Article{LacerdaDiasFreiMaca:2021:SyEnTr,
               author = "Lacerda, Juliana Cestari and Dias, Jussara Miranda and Freitas, 
                         Celso Bernardo da N{\'o}brega de and Macau, Elbert Einstein 
                         Nehrer",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal de S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo (UNIFESP)}",
                title = "Synchronization of energy transmission networks at low voltage 
                         levels",
              journal = "Applied Mathematical Modelling",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "89",
               number = "1",
                pages = "627--635",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Power grid, Synchronization, Kuramoto model.",
             abstract = "Power grids or energy transmission networks are among the biggest 
                         and more complex man made constructions ever made and are a 
                         typical example of a complex system. Its components need to be in 
                         a synchronous state in order to be fully functional and avoid 
                         cascade failures and blackouts. Power grids can be modeled as a 
                         complex network of oscillators, where each node represents a 
                         generator or a consumer and the transmission lines are represented 
                         by edges. In this work, we show how to build a power grid topology 
                         that presents relatively low number of edges and favors 
                         synchronization as a low value of coupling is required to reach 
                         the synchronous state. As the coupling is related to the maximum 
                         transmission capacity of a transmission line, lower coupling in 
                         this context means lower voltage levels. The basin stability of 
                         this network is also calculated as it appears to have a higher 
                         quantity of stable nodes when compared to a random network. The 
                         methodology presented in this work is based on an evolutionary 
                         optimization framework and would be of great interest when 
                         building power grids due to the costs involved in the construction 
                         of transmission lines, as there would be less lines and they would 
                         be required to operate in a lower voltage level.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.apm.2020.07.049",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2020.07.049",
                 issn = "0307-904X",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Synchronization of energy transmission networks at low voltage 
                         levels.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}