@Article{EnkeBertVlad:2021:TrReAx,
               author = "Enke, Cristiano and Bertoldo J{\'u}nior, Jorge and Vladimirovich, 
                         Valeri Vlassov",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Maranh{\~a}o (UFMA)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Transient response of an axially-grooved aluminum-ammonia heat 
                         pipe with the presence of non-condensable gas",
              journal = "Applied Thermal Engineering",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "183",
               number = "1",
                pages = "116135",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Heat pipe, Mathematical model, Non-condensable gas.",
             abstract = "The lifetime of axially-grooved ammonia heat pipes (HP), which are 
                         widely used in satellites for temperature homogenization in 
                         structural panels can be affected by the generation of 
                         non-condensable gas (NCG), causing the gradual deterioration of 
                         the HP's performance. In order to better understand the influence 
                         of different quantities of NCG on steady-state and transient HP 
                         behavior, a mathematical model was developed and thoroughly 
                         explored to simulate the performance of heat pipes with and 
                         without the presence of NCG. The model was validated and 
                         correlated with experimental results from two identical 
                         axially-grooved aluminum-ammonia heat pipes, one without NCG, and 
                         the other with 0.014% mass ratio of argon as the NCG. Experiments 
                         were conducted under 75 W heat load and with condensation provided 
                         by a combination of natural and forced convection cooling. The 
                         behavior of the HPs was analyzed numerically and experimentally 
                         during start-up and shutdown phases. The results revealed how the 
                         presence of NCG distorted the pipe's temperature profile and how 
                         the NCG density distribution behaved at start-up. The proposed 
                         method of NCG detection, based on the analysis of temperature 
                         change rate, provided a more sensitive detection of small NCG 
                         amounts than usual methods of steady-state temperature profile 
                         analysis.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116135",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116135",
                 issn = "1359-4311",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "enke_transient.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "01 maio 2024"
}