@PhDThesis{Afonso:2021:CiDiCa,
author = "Afonso, Jo{\~a}o Maria de Sousa",
title = "Ciclo diurno e caracteriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial da
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o na regi{\~a}o tropical da Am{\'e}rica
do Sul",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2021",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2020-12-21",
keywords = "ciclo diurno, precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, sistemas convectivos,
estimativas por sat{\'e}lite, daily cycle, precipitation,
convective systems, satellite estimates.",
abstract = "O objetivo deste estudo {\'e} analisar e compreender a
morfologia, climatologia e variabilidade espa{\c{c}}o-temporal da
convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o nos tr{\'o}picos da Am{\'e}rica do Sul
(AS), atrav{\'e}s de imagens de sat{\'e}lites no canal
infravermelho (IR) e, caracterizar o ciclo diurno da
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o (CDP) usando dados de
esta{\c{c}}{\~o}es meteorol{\'o}gicas e estimativas de
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o por sat{\'e}lite (EPS) de alta
resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
(GSMaP), do CPC Morphing Technique (CMORPH) e do Integrated
Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), associando o CDP aos
padr{\~o}es convectivos. Informa{\c{c}}{\~o}es hor{\'a}rias de
pluvi{\^o}metros de diferentes redes nacionais e regionais foram
usadas como refer{\^e}ncia ap{\'o}s testes de controle de
qualidade, visando a valida{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos diferentes produtos
de EPS. Todos os conjuntos de dados foram interpolados em uma
grade de 0,1 x 0,1 a cada 3 h para compara{\c{c}}{\~a}o. Sete
regi{\~o}es com diferentes caracter{\'{\i}}sticas de CDP
(amplitude e fase) foram selecionadas para o estudo. Foi observado
que: (i) nas regi{\~o}es onde o aquecimento t{\'e}rmico produz
nuvens convectivas profundas, o CDP (amplitude e fase) {\'e}
igualmente representado, satisfatoriamente, por todos os
algoritmos ao contr{\'a}rio das regi{\~o}es onde atua a
convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o rasa; (ii) o conjunto GSMaP (GSMaP-Gauge (G)
e GSMaP-Motion Vector Kalman (MVK)), em termos gerais, supera o
restante dos algoritmos com menor vi{\'e}s e menor
dispers{\~a}o, onde a vers{\~a}o ajustada por pluvi{\^o}metro
melhora as estimativas somente por sat{\'e}lite do mesmo
algoritmo, sugerindo que a an{\'a}lise di{\'a}ria dos dados
pluvi{\^o}metricos {\'e} {\'u}til para reduzir o vi{\'e}s em
uma escala sub-di{\'a}ria; (iii) o conjunto IMERG (IMERG-Late (L)
e IMERG-Final (F)) superestima as chuvas em quase todos os
hor{\'a}rios e em todas as regi{\~o}es, enquanto que a
vers{\~a}o somente baseada em dados de sat{\'e}lite fornece
melhores resultados que a vers{\~a}o final e (iv) o CMORPH tem o
melhor desempenho para um regime de transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre a
brisa terrestre-mar{\'{\i}}tima e o regime da Amaz{\^o}nia
continental. Dados do Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite (GOES) no canal IR, a cada 3 horas, foram utilizados
para a identifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o dos padr{\~o}es
morfol{\'o}gicos da convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o profunda de ver{\~a}o
sobre os tr{\'o}picos da AS, utilizando a t{\'e}cnica Forecast
and Tracking the Evolution of Active Cloud Clusters (ForTraCC).
Foram quantificados, no m{\'a}ximo, 155.688 sistemas convectivos
(SCs) durante o per{\'{\i}}odo de ver{\~a}o de 2004 a 2015, com
maior n{\'u}mero de ocorr{\^e}ncia em 2011 (16.920 SCs). Os SCs
de escalas Meso- e Meso- predominaram; em termos de excentricidade
(exc) os com exc 0,7 e 0,5 exc < 0.7, respectivamente, explicada
pela presen{\c{c}}a de Complexos Convectivos de Mesoescala
(CCMs). O n{\'u}mero menor de ocorr{\^e}ncia dos SCs de Grande
escala com as limita{\c{c}}{\~o}es espaciais e temporais das
fontes de calor e energia da regi{\~a}o. O ciclo diurno (CD) dos
SCs mostrou que o aquecimento da superf{\'{\i}}cie no ver{\~a}o
{\'e} o principal modulador. Sobre as diferentes localidades da
regi{\~a}o de estudo observou-se que a maior ocorr{\^e}ncia de
SCs de diferentes tamanhos foi na Amaz{\^o}nia Brasileira (9.955
SCs) e a menor, no nordeste do Brasil (2.848 SCs). Os CDPs do
CMORPH mostraram os mesmos padr{\~o}es dos CDs de SCs em todas as
localidades, com chuvas intensas associadas aos SCs de Macro
escala. Foi observado que a Alta da Bol{\'{\i}}via (AB),
V{\'o}rtices Cicl{\^o}nicos em Altos N{\'{\i}}veis (VCAN)
presentes no Nordeste do Brasil e a Zona de Converg{\^e}ncia do
Atl{\^a}ntico Sul (ZCAS) influenciam a morfologia dos SCs.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to analyze the
morphology, climatology and time-space variability of the
convection in tropical South America (SA), using infrared (IR)
satellite imagery. It also includes the characterization of the
precipitation diurnal cycle (PDC) using conventional
meteorological data and satellite precipitation that estimates
(SPE) high resolution Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation
(GSMaP), CPC Morphing Technique (CMORPH) and Integrated
Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), by associating the PDC
to the convective standards. An hourly pluviometric data from
different national and regional networks were used as a reference
after tested for quality, aiming for the validation of the
different SPE products. All datasets were interpolated to 0.1 x
0.1 grid at 3 hour interval. Seven regions with different PDC
characteristics (phase and amplitude) were selected for the study.
It was observed that: (i) in regions where there are deep
convection clouds, the PDC (phase and amplitude) is equally well
represented by all algorithms, which was not the case for the
shallow convection clouds; (ii) generally the set GSMaP
(GSMaP-Gauge (G) and GSMaP-Motion Vector Kalman (MVK)) is superior
to the remaining algorithms, with smaller bias and dispersion,
although the pluviometric data adjusted version does improve the
same satellite estimates, thus suggesting that the daily rain data
is useful to decrease the bias on time scales less than one day.
(iii) the IMERG (IMERG-Late (L) and IMERG-Final (F)) overestimates
the precipitation in almost all times and regions while, the
version based only on satellite data yields results than those of
the final version and (iv) CMORPH has the best performance for a
transition regime between the sea-land breeze and the continental
Amazonia. IR Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
(GOES) data, at every 3 hours were used to identify the
morphological patterns of the deep convection during summer over
the tropical region of SA in conjunction with the Forecast and
Tracking the Evolution of Active Cloud Clusters (ForTraCC). At
most, 155688 convective systems (CSs) were quantified during the
summers from 2004 to 2015, with the largest number of occurrence
in 2011 (16920 CSs). The meso- and meso- CSs were dominant; in
terms of the eccentricity were indicated as (exc) exc 0,7 and 0,5
exc < 0.7, respectively, accounting for the presence of Mesoscale
Convective Complexes (MCC). The smallest number of large scale
occurrences of the CSs with the time-space limitation of the heat
sources of the region. The diurnal cycle (DC) of the CSs showed
that surface heating during summer is the main modulator.
Regarding the different localities of the study region, it was
noticed that most SC of different scales occurred in Amazonia
(9955 CSs) and the smallest number of events in Northeastern
Brazil (2848 CSs). Furthermore, PDC provided by the CMORPH
algorithm showed the same patterns of the DC of the CS in all
localities with intense rainfall associated with macroscale CS. In
conclusion, it was observed that Bolivian High (BH), Upper
Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortice (UTCV) present in Northeast Brazil
and South American Convergence Zone (SACZ) influence the
morphological parameter of CSs.",
committee = "Ferreira, Nelson Jesuz (presidente) and Gan, Manoel Alonso
(orientador) and Vila, Daniel Alejandro (orientador) and Negri,
Renato Galante and Rebolta, Michelle Sim{\~o}es and Oliveira,
R{\^o}mulo Augusto Juc{\'a}",
englishtitle = "Diurnal cycle and spatial characterization of precipitation in the
tropical region of South America",
language = "pt",
pages = "151",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34R/444H7RH",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/444H7RH",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}