@Article{SiqueiraVilaAfon:2021:PeDiCy,
               author = "Siqueira, Ricardo Almeida de and Vila, Daniel Alejandro and 
                         Afonso, Jo{\~a}o Maria de Sousa",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "The Performance of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation from Blended 
                         Satellite Techniques over Brazil",
              journal = "Remote Sensing",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "13",
               number = "4",
                pages = "e734",
                month = "Feb.",
             keywords = "rainfall estimates, satellite, gauges, 3-h precipitation, diurnal 
                         cycle.",
             abstract = "The knowledge of the diurnal cycle of precipitation is of extreme 
                         relevance to understanding the physical/dynamic processes 
                         associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of 
                         precipitation. The main difficulty of this task is the lack of 
                         surface precipitation information over certain regions on an 
                         hourly time scale and the low spatial representativeness of these 
                         data (normally surface gauges). In order to overcome these 
                         difficulties, the main objective of this study is to create a 3-h 
                         precipitation accumulation database from the gauge-adjusted daily 
                         regional precipitation products to resolve the diurnal cycle 
                         properly. This study also proposes to evaluate different 
                         methodologies for partitioning gauge-adjusted daily precipitation 
                         products, i.e., a product made by the combination of satellite 
                         estimates and surface gauge observations, into 3-h precipitation 
                         accumulation. Two methodologies based on the calculation of a 
                         conversion factor F between a daily gauge-adjusted product, 
                         combined scheme (CoSch, hereafter), and a non-gauge-adjusted one, 
                         the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for GPM (IMERG)-Early 
                         (IMERG, hereafter) were tested for this research. Hourly rain 
                         gauge stations for the period of 2015-2018 over Brazil were used 
                         to assess the performance of the proposed methodologies over the 
                         whole region and five sub-regions with homogeneous precipitation 
                         regimes. Standard statistical metrics and categorical indices 
                         related with the capability to detect rainfall events were used to 
                         compare the ability of each product to represent the diurnal 
                         cycle. The results show that the new 3-h CoSch products show 
                         better agreement with rainfall gauge stations when compared with 
                         IMERG, better capturing the diurnal cycle of precipitation. The 
                         biggest improvement was over northeastern region close to the 
                         coast, where IMERG was not able to capture the diurnal cycle 
                         properly. One of the proposed methodologies (CoSchB) performed 
                         better on the critical success index and equitable threat score 
                         metrics, suggesting that this is the best product over the two. 
                         The downside, when compared with the other methodology (CoSchA), 
                         was a slight increase in the values of bias and mean absolute 
                         error, but still at acceptable levels.",
                  doi = "10.3390/rs13040734",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040734",
                 issn = "2072-4292",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "performance_diurnal.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}