@InProceedings{SurcoEspejoCosMorPauMon:2021:SiIoEe,
               author = "Surco Espejo, T. M. and Costa, E. and Moraes, A. O. and Paula, 
                         Eurico Rodrigues de and Monico, J. F. G.",
          affiliation = "{Pontif{\'{\i}}cia Universidade Cat{\'o}lica do Rio de Janeiro 
                         (PUC-Rio)} and {Pontif{\'{\i}}cia Universidade Cat{\'o}lica do 
                         Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)} and {Instituto de Aeron{\'a}utica e 
                         Espa{\c{c}}o (IAE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)}",
                title = "Simulating ionospheric Eeffects on a ground based augmentation 
                         system",
                 year = "2021",
         organization = "Simp{\'o}sio Brasileiro de Geof{\'{\i}}sica Espacial e 
                         Aeronomia, 8. (SBGEA)",
             abstract = "The ionosphere affects the propagation of GPS signals in the 
                         equatorial and low-latitude regions. Even auxiliary systems such 
                         as the Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS), are affected by 
                         ionospheric effects, which are the focus of the present 
                         contribution. For all active channels between GPS satellites and 
                         receivers, models for the pseudorange, carrier phase, and received 
                         power of the GPS L1 signal will be described, considering the 
                         geometric range; receiver and satellite clock errors, ionospheric 
                         and tropospheric delays; multipath; phase and amplitude 
                         scintillation; and system parameters. To simulate ionospheric 
                         delays, the vertical Total Electron Content is characterized 
                         through a statistical analysis of dual-frequency GPS data from the 
                         Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Cont´\ınuo and their 
                         residuals relative to those provided by the International 
                         Reference Ionosphere (IRI 2016). This study considers different 
                         combinations of five geophysical parameters. The \α 
                         \− µ probability distribution model is used to represent 
                         amplitude scintillation. To define the parameters of this 
                         distribution, a random value for the S4 index (the standard 
                         deviation of the received power, normalized by its average value) 
                         and the associated value for \α and µ are selected, 
                         according to data from the CIGALA/CALIBRA network. Successive 
                         samples for the phase scintillation term are generated similarly, 
                         according to empirical relationships between S4 and 
                         \σ\φ (the standard deviation of phase fluctuations) 
                         values, combined with zero-mean Gaussian probability 
                         distributions. Next, the functions of a GBAS (Signal-in-Space 
                         Receive and Decode; Signal Quality Receiver; Signal, Measurement, 
                         and Data Quality Monitoring; Multiple Reference Consistency Check) 
                         will be described. The functional blocks are integrated by the 
                         Executive Monitor to test, smooth, correct, and average signals, 
                         as well as to estimate protection levels and to generate 
                         correction messages that will be transmitted to aircrafts via a 
                         Very High Frequency Data Broadcast link. Finally, this 
                         contribution will present and discuss results from the above 
                         formulation for different combinations of geophysical parameters 
                         and configurations of interest.",
  conference-location = "Online",
      conference-year = "22-26 mar.",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}