@Article{KiharaMKKKMKKTMEDSSBBASDHESK:2021:PeICEv,
               author = "Kihara, W. and Munakata, K. and Kato, C. and Kataoka, R. and 
                         Kadokura, A. and Miyake, S. and Kozai, M. and Kuwabara, T. and 
                         Tokumaru, M. and Mendon{\c{c}}a, R. R. S. and Echer, Ezequiel and 
                         Dal Lago, Alisson and Silva, Marlos Rockenbach da and Schuch, 
                         Nelson Jorge and Bageston, Jos{\'e} Valentin and Braga, C. R. and 
                         Al Jassar, H. K. and Sharma, M. M. and Duldig, M. L. and Humble, 
                         J. E. and Evenson, P. and Sabbah, I. and K{\'o}ta, J.",
          affiliation = "{Shinshu University} and {Shinshu University} and {Shinshu 
                         University} and {National Institute of Polar Research} and 
                         {National Institute of Polar Research} and {National Institute of 
                         Technology} and {Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency} and {Chiba 
                         University} and {Nagoya University} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {George Mason 
                         University} and {Kuwait University} and {Kuwait University} and 
                         {University of Tasmania} and {University of Tasmania} and 
                         {University of Delaware} and {College of Technological Studies} 
                         and {University of Arizona}",
                title = "A Peculiar ICME Event in August 2018 Observed With the Global Muon 
                         Detector Network",
              journal = "Space Weather",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "19",
               number = "3",
                pages = "e2020W002531",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "coronal mass ejection, corotating interaction region, 
                         cosmic\‐,, ray, geomagnetic storm, magnetic flux rope, solar 
                         minimum.",
             abstract = "We demonstrate that global observations of high-energy cosmic rays 
                         contribute to understanding unique characteristics of a 
                         large-scale magnetic flux rope causing a magnetic storm in August 
                         2018. Following a weak interplanetary shock on August 25, 2018, a 
                         magnetic flux rope caused an unexpectedly large geomagnetic storm. 
                         It is likely that this event became geoeffective because the flux 
                         rope was accompanied by a corotating interaction region and 
                         compressed by high-speed solar wind following the flux rope. In 
                         fact, a Forbush decrease was observed in cosmic-ray data inside 
                         the flux rope as expected, and a significant cosmic-ray density 
                         increase exceeding the unmodulated level before the shock was also 
                         observed near the trailing edge of the flux rope. The cosmic-ray 
                         density increase can be interpreted in terms of the adiabatic 
                         heating of cosmic rays near the trailing edge of the flux rope, as 
                         the corotating interaction region prevents free expansion of the 
                         flux rope and results in the compression near the trailing edge. A 
                         northeast-directed spatial gradient in the cosmic-ray density was 
                         also derived during the cosmic-ray density increase, suggesting 
                         that the center of the heating near the trailing edge is located 
                         northeast of Earth. This is one of the best examples demonstrating 
                         that the observation of high-energy cosmic rays provides us with 
                         information that can only be derived from the cosmic ray 
                         measurements to observationally constrain the three-dimensional 
                         macroscopic picture of the interaction between coronal mass 
                         ejections and the ambient solar wind, which is essential for 
                         prediction of large magnetic storms.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2020SW002531",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020SW002531",
                 issn = "1539-4956",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "kihara_peculiar.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "06 maio 2024"
}