@Article{SouzaKuSaFaViFrCo:2021:TeFrIn,
               author = "Souza, Marcela and Kuribayashi, Hugo and Saraiva, Paline and 
                         Farias, Fabr{\'{\i}}cio and Vijaykumar, Nandamudi Lankalapalli 
                         and Franc{\^e}s, Carlos and Costa, Jo{\~a}o",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal do Sudeste e Sudoeste do Par{\'a} 
                         (UNIFESSPA)} and {Universidade Federal do Sudeste e Sudoeste do 
                         Par{\'a} (UNIFESSPA)} and {Universidade Federal do Sudeste e 
                         Sudoeste do Par{\'a} (UNIFESSPA)} and {Universidade Federal do 
                         Par{\'a} (UFPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Universidade Federal do Par{\'a} (UFPA)} and 
                         {Universidade Federal do Par{\'a} (UFPA)}",
                title = "A Techno-Economic Framework for Installing Broadband Networks in 
                         Rural and Remote Areas",
              journal = "IEEE Access",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "9",
                pages = "58421--58447",
             keywords = "Broadband services, rural and remote areas, total cost of 
                         ownership, feasibility analysis.",
             abstract = "Expanding broadband services represents a significant challenge 
                         for broadband operators, especially in light of the requirements 
                         related to the total cost of ownership of these technologies. In 
                         the last few years, this expansion has advanced significantly, but 
                         it still represents a challenge that must be overcome since there 
                         is a need to provide low-cost services to rural communities in 
                         remote areas. Issues related to geographical location, the low 
                         income of residents, and the lack of public infrastructural 
                         facilities lead to a disadvantageous relationship between the 
                         potential revenue for operators and the high costs of deploying 
                         infrastructure. Although there are several research endeavors in 
                         the literature aimed at addressing how connectivity can be 
                         provided, they do not discuss systems that take account of the 
                         specific features of these regions or that have adapted services 
                         and network applications to meet the needs of these communities. 
                         Thus, using dimensioning systems for the total cost of network 
                         ownership and taking into account capital and network operating 
                         expenses, this study establishes a technical and economic 
                         framework for the deployment of broadband networks in rural and 
                         remote areas. It also applies economic feasibility analysis 
                         techniques designed to assist decision making by interpreting the 
                         effects of any financial investment made and estimating the 
                         expected profits of the broadband operators. We also recommend the 
                         use of socioeconomic indicators to predict the potential social 
                         impact of this framework on the development of these regions. We 
                         employ a case study to demonstrate the operational features of the 
                         planned framework. Based on real data obtained from a municipality 
                         located in the Brazilian Amazon region, we show that it is 
                         possible to reduce the cost of subscribing to broadband services 
                         for end-users by reducing deployment costs and thus ensure that 
                         access to digital services can be equitably obtained.",
                  doi = "10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071919",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071919",
                 issn = "2169-3536",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "souza_techno.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}