@Article{KriegerFoBuCoCoAnRiCo:2021:SmChHi,
               author = "Krieger Filho, Guenther Carlos and Bufacchi, Paulo and Costa, 
                         Franklin and Cortez, Ely Vieira and Andrade, Jos{\'e} Carlos de 
                         and Ribeiro, Kelly and Costa, Fernando de Souza",
          affiliation = "{Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de 
                         S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} 
                         and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Smoldering characteristics of high bulk density peat",
              journal = "Proceedings of the Combustion Institute",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "38",
               number = "3",
                pages = "5053--5062",
             keywords = "Peat smoldering, High bulk density peat, Peat characterization.",
             abstract = "Low-density peats from many countries have long been studied by 
                         many authors. They are mostly forest and moss peats. Different 
                         peat types, from different locations in the world, may present 
                         degradation behavior that differs significantly. Bulk density, 
                         which is one the most important physical parameters governing the 
                         smoldering dynamics of solid fuels, varies among countries' 
                         peatlands. This work compares experimental data for low (200 kg 
                         m(-3)) and high (450 kg m(-3)) bulk density peat smoldering in a 
                         test bench. Peat sam-ples with different densities, organic matter 
                         contents, and particle sizes were considered in this work. The 
                         physicochemical characterization included ultimate analysis, ash 
                         composition, the density of the solid, and thermogravimetric and 
                         differential thermogravimetric analysis. The influences of the 
                         organic matter content, as well as the bulk surface area to volume 
                         ratio on peat burning, are also discussed. It is showed that, for 
                         the same organic matter and bulk surface area to volume ratio, the 
                         high bulk density peat burning rate is as low as one-third of the 
                         low bulk density peat burning rate. Once the High Heating Value of 
                         both peats is found similar, this lower burning rate is related to 
                         chemical kinetics, which shows higher oxidation temperature, 
                         around 500 degrees C for the high bulk density peat, and 300 
                         degrees C for the low bulk density peat. For the high bulk density 
                         peat, the higher the bulk surface area to volume ratio the higher 
                         both horizontal and vertical smoldering spread rates.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.proci.2020.05.059",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.05.059",
                 issn = "1540-7489",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "kriegerfilho2020.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}