@Article{NascimentoBMBRVBGRFCCSMA:2021:AeAnBi,
               author = "Nascimento, Jana{\'{\i}}na P. and Bela, Megan M. and Meller, 
                         Bruno B. and Banducci, Alessandro L. and Rizzo, Luciana V. and 
                         Vara-Vela, Angel Ludivino and Barbosa, Henrique M. J. and Gomes, 
                         Helber and Rafee, Sameh A. A. and Franco, Marco A. and Carbone, 
                         Samara and Cirino, Glauber G. and Souza, Rodrigo A. F. and Mckeen, 
                         Stuart A. and Artaxo, Paulo",
          affiliation = "{Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)} and {University of 
                         Colorado Boulder} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {Colorado State University} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo 
                         (USP)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de Alagoas (UFAL)} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and 
                         {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} and {Universidade Federal 
                         de Uberl{\^a}ndia (UFU)} and {Universidade Federal do Par{\'a} 
                         (UFPA)} and {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)} and 
                         {University of Colorado Boulder} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o 
                         Paulo (USP)}",
                title = "Aerosols from anthropogenic and biogenic sources and their 
                         interactions-modeling aerosol formation, optical properties, and 
                         impacts over the central Amazon basin",
              journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "21",
               number = "9",
                pages = "6755--6779",
                month = "May",
             abstract = "The Green Ocean Amazon experiment-GoAmazon 2014-2015-explored the 
                         interactions between natural biogenic forest emissions from 
                         central Amazonia and urban air pollution from Manaus. Previous 
                         GoAmazon 2014-2015 studies showed that nitrogen oxide (NOx 
                         DNOCNO2) and sulfur oxide (SOx ) emissions from Manaus strongly 
                         interact with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), 
                         affecting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. In previous 
                         studies, ground-based and aircraft measurements provided evidence 
                         of SOA formation and strong changes in aerosol composition and 
                         properties. Aerosol optical properties also evolve, and their 
                         impacts on the Amazonian ecosystem can be significant. As 
                         particles age, some processes, such as SOA production, black 
                         carbon (BC) deposition, particle growth and the BC lensing effect 
                         change the aerosol optical properties, affecting the solar 
                         radiation flux at the surface. This study analyzes data and models 
                         SOA formation using the Weather Research and Forecasting with 
                         Chemistry (WRFChem) model to assess the spatial variability in 
                         aerosol optical properties as the Manaus plumes interact with the 
                         natural atmosphere. The following aerosol optical properties are 
                         investigated: Single scattering albedo (SSA), asymmetry parameter 
                         (gaer), absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) and scattering Angstrom 
                         exponent (SAE). These simulations were validated using 
                         ground-based measurements at three experimental sites, namely the 
                         Amazon Tall Tower Observatory-ATTO (T0a), downtown Manaus (T1), 
                         Tiwa Hotel (T2) and Manacapuru (T3), as well as the U.S. 
                         Department of Energy (DOE) Gulfstream 1 (G-1) aircraft flights. 
                         WRFChem simulations were performed over 7 d during March 2014. 
                         Results show a mean biogenic SOA (BSOA) mass enrichment of 512% at 
                         the T1 site, 450% in regions downwind of Manaus, such as the T3 
                         site, and 850% in areas north of the T3 site in simulations with 
                         anthropogenic emissions. The SOA formation is rather fast, with 
                         about 80% of the SOA mass produced in 3-4 h. Comparing the plume 
                         from simulations with and without anthropogenic emissions, SSA 
                         shows a downwind reduction of approximately 10 %, 11% and 6% at 
                         the T1, T2 and T3 sites, respectively. Other regions, such as 
                         those further downwind of the T3 site, are also affected. The gaer 
                         values increased from 0.62 to 0.74 at the T1 site and from 0.67 to 
                         0.72 at the T3 site when anthropogenic emissions are active. 
                         During the Manaus plume-aging process, a plume tracking analysis 
                         shows an increase in SSA from 0.91 close to Manaus to 0.98 160 km 
                         downwind of Manaus as a result of SOA production and BC 
                         deposition.",
                  doi = "10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6755-2021",
                 issn = "1680-7316 and 1680-7324",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "nascimento_aerosols.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "08 maio 2024"
}