@Article{CorreaDCSBAOMMMTALWM:2021:CaStGr,
               author = "Correa, Polari B. and Dias J{\'u}nior, Cl{\'e}o Quaresma and 
                         Cava, Daniela and Sorgel, Matthias and Botia, Santiago and 
                         Acevedo, Ot{\'a}vio and Oliveira, Pablo E. S. and Manzi, Antonio 
                         Ocimar and Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo and Martins, Hardiney dos 
                         Santos and Tsokankunku, Anywhere and Ara{\'u}jo, Alessandro C. de 
                         and Lavric, Jost V. and Walter, David and Mortarini, Luca",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and 
                         {Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISAC-CNR)} and {Max Planck 
                         Institute for Chemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for 
                         Biogeochemistry} and {Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)} 
                         and {Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Federal do 
                         Par{\'a} (IFPA)} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and 
                         {Embrapa Amaz{\^o}nia Oriental} and {Max Planck Institute for 
                         Biogeochemistry} and {Max Planck Institute for Chemistry} and 
                         {Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISAC-CNR)}",
                title = "A case study of a gravity wave induced by Amazon forest orography 
                         and low level jet generation",
              journal = "Agricultural and Forest Meteorology",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "307",
                pages = "e108457",
                month = "Sept.",
             keywords = "Coherent structures, Gravity waves, Low-level jet, Stable boundary 
                         layer, wave-turbulence interaction.",
             abstract = "We investigated the role of turbulent coherent structures (CS), 
                         gravity waves (GW) and low-level jet (LLJ) propagation in the flow 
                         dynamics of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer (NBL) within and above a 
                         forest canopy at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO), in 
                         Central Amazon. Seven levels of wind velocity and temperature 
                         measurements allowed the study of the flow structure below and 
                         above the surface layer. We analyzed one dynamically rich night in 
                         2015, which includes three distinct periods. In the first one, the 
                         NBL is characterized by CS generated at the canopy top. In the 
                         second period, the change in wind direction triggers the onset of 
                         a orographic GW above the roughness sublayer. The wave, 
                         suppressing the propagation of CS, strongly influences the 
                         boundary layer structure, both above and below the canopy. In the 
                         third period, low turbulence intensity at the canopy top enables 
                         the development of a LLJ. As the jet shear layer propagates 
                         upward, it disrupts the wave oscillations, while LLJ dominates the 
                         flow dynamics. The wavelet analyses identified i) turbulent and 
                         non-turbulent structures with different length and time-scales; 
                         ii) coupling of the flow at different levels and the vertical 
                         propagation of turbulent and wave motions; and iii) the ability of 
                         turbulent and low frequency processes associated with the 
                         orographic GW to penetrate within the canopy. Further, scalar 
                         measurements of methane, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide 
                         identified the LLJ nose as upward limit for how far scalars can be 
                         transported.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108457",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108457",
                 issn = "0168-1923",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "correa_case.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "20 maio 2024"
}